Omega-3 fatty acids exacerbate DSS-induced colitis through decreased adiponectin in colonic subepithelial myofibroblasts

Abstract

Adiponectin was found to be expressed in myofibroblasts. Adiponectin expression was significantly suppressed by induction of colitis, and aggravation of colitis after exposure to omega-3 fat may be due to a further decrease in the expression level of adiponectin.

Omega 3 fatty acids supplementation has an ameliorative effect in experimental ulcerative colitis despite increased colonic neutrophil infiltration

“…It is induced by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-1β activation and is characterized by neutrophil mucosal infiltration (4,9). Most rodent models of UC based on DSS administration employ concentrations between 3% and 7% DSS in drinking water (13,(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22) In our study, after 8 days of 5% DSS administration in all groups, the colonic mucosa appeared hyperemic, edematous with hemorrhagic erosions and tiny blood coagula. The body weight decreased gradually and the animals exhibited diarrhea and hematochezia.…”

“…An experimental study (18) has shown that the administration of fish oil, which is rich in EPA and DHA, attenuates colonic inflammation in Wistar rats with DSS-induced ulcerative colitis and significantly improves the colonic microscopic score relative to control rats. However, another study has shown that the administration of N3PUFAs to C57Bl/6 mice with DSS-induced colitis significantly enhanced inflammation, while it also led to a significant decrease in colonic length and body weight (19).…”

Dietary Fish Oil Alters T Lymphocyte Cell Populations and Exacerbates Disease in a Mouse Model of Inflammatory Colitis

“…Although the majority of studies show efficacy of FO in chemically induced colitis (44), one study showed exacerbated colitis in response to DFO feeding possibly through modified adiponectin expression (45).…”

Maternal exposure to fish oil primes offspring to harbor intestinal pathobionts associated with altered immune cell balance

“…[38][39][40] Overall, evidence has shown that dietary n-3 PUFA intake decreases pro-inflammatory responses by down-regulating lymphocyte proliferation, antigen presentation and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, 41,42 and increasing anti-inflammatory cytokine expression. 43 In contrast, diets containing an excessive amount of n-3 PUFA can also exacerbate colitis, 16,20 and results in adverse outcomes in murine models of pathogen exposure (reviewed in Fenton et al). 10 It is possible that there are upper limits of dietary n-3 PUFA with excessive intake associated with pathological consequences.…”

“…15 Moreover, in a murine model of colitis, a high intake of n-3 PUFA in diets (8% w/w fish oil) have been shown to exacerbate colitic responses through decreased expression of adiponectin. 16 In contrast, other studies in experimental mouse models have shown lower doses of fish oil to protect against colitis. 17,18 We have recently shown that post-natal fish oil supplementation (2% energy) results in dysregulated immune responses resulting in sepsis and mortality during enteric infection, 10 and increased oxidative stress in aged mice, 19 through the intestinal-microbe nexus.…”