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Abstract-A time-interleaved A-D converter (ADC) system is an effective way to implement a high-sampling-rate ADC with relatively slow circuits. In the system, several channel ADCs operate at interleaved sampling times as if they were effectively a single ADC operating at a much higher sampling rate. However, mismatches such as offset, gain mismatches among channel ADCs as well as timing skew of the clocks distributed to them degrade S/N of the ADC system as a whole. This paper analyzes the channel mismatch effects in the time-interleaved ADC system. Previous analysis showed the effect for each mismatch individually, however in this paper we derive explicit formulas for the mismatch effects when all of offset, gain and timing mismatches exist together. We have clarified that the gain and timing mismatch effects interact with each other but the offset mismatch effect is independent from them, and this can be seen clearly in frequency domain. We also discuss the bandwidth mismatch effect. The derived formulas can be used for calibration algorithms to compensate for the channel mismatch effects.

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We analyze muon and electron lepton-number nonconservation in a pure V-A. gauge model. The rates for p ey, p,-eee, and KL,pe are computed for this model. We find that for a reasonable range of neutral heavy-lepton mass these rates are in accord with, but not extremely small compared to, present experimental bounds. We comment on the nonorthogonality of v, and v", and interesting features of the I. decays. Some time ago we discussed a six-quark model' with only left-handed currents. This is a minimal extension of the "standard" four-quark Weinberg-Salam SU(2) U(1) gauge model' which allows CP nonconservation to be incorporated. The alternatives are right-handed currents' or proliferation of Higgs bosons. 4 Such a model leads to approximate superweak (or microweak') predictions for CP nonconservation. The model also includes

We present a theoretical N-N potential containing, in addition to the one-pion-exchange contribution, vector-meson-exchange terms and contributions due to the inelastic interactions iV+iV->iVH-A(1236) and iV+iV-> A(1236)+A(1236). There are no adjustable parameters in this calculation, which otherwise, however, suffers from most of the usual shortcomings and difficulties of few-particle-exchange models for strong-interaction processes. The vector-meson coupling constants are fixed by electromagnetic form factors and backward vector-meson production data, while the phenomenological constants in the inelastic contributions to the potentials have been fixed by the experimental data on the inelastic reactions themselves. Our results are found to be in qualitative agreement with phenomenological potentials obtained by Reid from the N-N scattering data. We also calculate the vector-meson-exchange potentials for all B-B and B-B states with /<2. Our results indicate that the B-B interaction will contain a short-range repulsion in all states of practical interest aside fromjhe r= 1 S-iV state which is discussed. We find strong attractions in most of the SU(3) singlet and octet B-B states.