A study of purified myelin samples from normal‐appearing white matter of 10 multiple sclerosis (MS) brains was undertaken and the results were compared with 10 age‐matched control brains. Statistical evaluations were carried out with Student's r‐test for differences. In pathological samples the yield of myelin came to only two‐thirds of the corresponding controls. Enzyme assays of the 2′, 3′‐cyclic 3′‐phosphohydrolase revealed an obviously significant reduction of specific activity to one‐half in MS myelins. In myelin the contents of protein, lipid classes as cholesterol, glycolipids and phospholipids did not differ significantly. No cholesterol esters or any lysophospholipid were detectable either in MS or in controls. Within the individual phospholipids the main components were in the same order, while a significant decrease of the acidic representatives and of sphingomyelin occurred. Analysis of the fatty acid pattern of phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), including the aldehydes from the last, revealed quite similar values with no significant differences, except C22: 4 fatty acid in the PE fraction and C20: 1 fatty acid in PS, which were reduced in MS myelin samples.

An enzymic activity of rat brain that liberates radioactive free aldehydes from 1-[1-14C]alk-1'-enyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (lyso-plasmalogen) is described. It was present mainly in microsomal fractions (crude) of brains of rats of different ages. The highest specific enzyme activity was found in 21-day-old animals. The formation of free aldehyde was dependent on the amount of enzyme protein as well as the amount of substrate added, and was linear to the incubation time up to 60 min. The pH optimum was between 7.1 and 7.3. Bivalent cations (Mg2+, Ca2+) and detergents inhibited the reaction. However, the same cell fractions as well as extracts of acetone-dried powder of brain from young or old rats possessed no enzyme activity for liberating the aldehyde from the acylated substrates: 1-[1-14C]alk-1'-enyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (plasmalogen) or plasmalogen of ox corpus callosum.

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Zusammenfassung: Nach Applikation von Triton, Dextran, kolloidalem Silber und Eisen an Ratten wurden Lysosomenfraktionen aus den Lebern isoliert. In allen daraus gewonnen Phospholipidgemischen konnte (MAG) 2 P in Mengen von 6-28% des Gesamtlipidphosphors aufgefunden werden.Die Fettsäuregemische dieses sauren Glycerinphospholipids zeichnen sich durch einen ganz außergewöhnlich hohen Anteil von Polyensäuren (58-82% der Gesamtfettsäuren) aus, deren Haüptkomponente Docosahexaensäure ist. Bis(monoacylglycerojphosphate -a Marker Lipid of Secondary Lysosomes?Summary: Rats were treated with triton, dextran, silver and iron. The lysosomal fractions from their livers were isolated and the lipids analysed. (MAG) 2 P could be detected in every phospholipid fraction, accounting for 6 -28 per cent of the total lipid phosphorus.The composition of the fatty acids from this acidic glycerophospholipid shows an extraordinarily high amount of polyenoic fatty acids (58-82 per cent of the total), of which docosahexaenoic acid is a main compound.

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