Araştırmanın amacı, okul öncesi dönemde çocuğu olan babaların babalık rolü algıları ile baba çocuk ilişkisi arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesidir. İlişkisel tarama modelinde desenlenmiş olan araştırmanın örneklemi 3-6 yaş grubunda çocuğu olan ve araştırmaya gönüllü olarak katılan 1015 babadan oluşturulmuştur.
Background & objectives:Cataract is one of the leading causes of blindness in the world. The aim of the present study was to investigate anticataractogenic effect of betaine in chick embryo hydrocortisone (HC)-induced cataract model.Methods:The study included 60 fertilized eggs divided into six groups each having 10 eggs: one group treated with only HC (HC group); three treated with both HC and different doses of betaine (HC/B 1.00, HC/B 0.50 and HC/B 0.25 groups) and two non-HC groups treated with only phosphate-buffered saline (PBS group) or betaine (B group). After the injections, lenses of the embryos were removed and classified into five stages according to the lens opacification. The amounts of reduced glutathione (GSH) in the removed lenses were measured.Results:All the lenses in non-HC-treated groups were clear, whereas in the HC-treated group, 90 per cent of the lenses had cataract (stages 4 and 5). The mean score of lens opacity was significantly lower in all HC/B groups compared to HC group (2.4-3.5 vs. 4.4, P<0.05). Among HC/B groups, the HC/B 0.25 group had significantly lower mean score of lens opacity compared to remaining HC/B groups treated with higher doses of betaine. In addition, the mean reduced GSH level was significantly higher in HC/B 0.25 group compared to HC, HC/B 1.00 and HC/B 0.50 groups (P<0.001).Interpretation & conclusions:The present results show beneficial anti-cataract and anti-oxidant effects of 0.25 μmol/egg betaine on HC-induced cataract in the chick embryo.
Infertility has become an increasingly important health problem due to genetic, familial, hormonal, and congenital abnormalities, environmental and chemical reasons. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Panax ginseng (Pnx) root extract on cisplatin (CP) induced testicular damage of rats. Four animal groups were applied with different protocols as control, Pnx (200 mg / kg), CP (7 mg / kg), and CP + Pnx (200 mg / kg). At the end of the experiment, the body and testicular weights of the rats were measured. While free/total testosterone, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and total oxidative species (TOS) levels were analyzed in blood samples, apoptotic cells were marked by TUNEL staining in testicular samples of rats. According to the results, free/total testosterone and TAC levels were decreased while TOS levels increased in injured rats' plasma. On the other hand, seminiferous tubule diameters widened, and the number of apoptotic cells increased in rats' testis. These variables were significantly improved with the consumption of Pnx. As a result, Pnx has a significant protective effect on testicular tissue; however, further studies are needed to elucidate its action mechanism.
Objectives
Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) mediate several physiological activities, and alterations in PDE expressions might cause conflicts between functional and clinical effects. This study clarifies the eventual relationship between the hepatic insulin resistance-associated signaling elements and PDEs together with inflammatory markers and investigates the role of kefir in the treatment.
Methods
Male Wistar rats were grouped as Control, Kefir, HFCS (high-fructose corn syrup), and HFCS + Kefir. Daily HFCS (20% w/v) and kefir (1 mL/100 g weight) were given for 8-weeks. Hepatic expressions of PDE isoforms and insulin signaling elements were determined with qPCR and Western blot. The changes in hepatic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor-α (IGF-1Rα) were investigated histologically.
Results
HFCS upregulated hepatic PDEs while repressed primary insulin signaling elements at gene and protein levels. It also augmented cPLA2 and IGF-1Rα expression. Kefir suppressed the PDEs and normalized the insulin signaling, and down-regulated cPLA2 and IGF-1Rα in the liver of HFCS-fed rats.
Conclusions
The disruption of the insulin signaling pathway and activation of PDEs were negatively correlated in liver tissues of the HFCS-fed rats. Kefir treatment achieved a remarkable improvement in HFCS-dependent modifications, and it could be an excellent functional food against HFCS-induced insulin resistance, PDE hyperactivity, and inflammation.
Glioblastoma is a primary malignant brain tumor that can be treated with 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosurea (BiCNU/carmustine). Resveratrol is a natural phenol that can interfere with apoptosis. This study aims to investigate how the combination of BiCNU and resveratrol affects glioblastoma cells in vitro. Accordingly, YKG1 glioblastoma cells were treated with different amounts of resveratrol (50 and 100 µM) and BiCNU (10 and 20 µM) either alone or in combination. Cell viability tests and immunochemical studies were conducted on these cells. According to results, increasing the amount of resveratrol and BiCNU decreased cell viability. Additionally, when these maximal doses of resveratrol and BiCNU (100 µM resveratrol plus 20 µM BiCNU) were applied, viability decreased to the highest cytotoxicity levels. Immunohistochemical analysis also revealed the significantly upregulated H scores of beclin-1 and caspase-3 in treated groups with the highest value in maximally combined concentration. These results indicated the cumulative effects of concurrent administration of BiCNU and resveratrol on the cytotoxicity of malignant human YKG1 glioblastoma cells in vitro.
Objective: Biperiden (BPD) is an anticholinergic agent that acts both centrally and peripherally. It is used to counteract both extrapyramidal side effects of neuroleptic treatment and symptoms of Parkinson’s disease in clinical practice. Current study was layout to determine the potential toxic effect of different doses of Biperiden on neural tube closure in 48 hour chick embryos. Methods: Sixty fertilized eggs were used in the study. All eggs were placed in the incubator and divided into four groups (15 eggs in each); control, BPD 1, BPA 2 and BPD 3. At 28 hr of incubation, three different doses of biperiden were administered subblastodermically. At the end of 48 hr of incubation, all eggs were opened and embryos were dissected and evaluated morphologically and histopathologically. Results: According to these results, the mean crown-rump length and somite number tended to decrease proportionally with the dose. As the dose increases, the number of open neural tube and undeveloped embryos in the experimental groups also increases. There was also a significant difference between the groups in terms of Hamburger-Hamilton stages of embryos evaluated according to the number of somite. Embryos in the control, BPD 1 and BPD 2 groups were observed at stage 13, and those in the BPD 3 group were observed at stage 12. Conclusion: These results showed that Biperiden even in the low dose has teratogenicity on neural tube closure in early chick embryos. The somite numbers and crown-rump length were decreased depending on the dose and Biperiden caused developmental retardation in high doses.
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