No abstract

No abstract

Araştırmanın amacı, okul öncesi dönemde çocuğu olan babaların babalık rolü algıları ile baba çocuk ilişkisi arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesidir. İlişkisel tarama modelinde desenlenmiş olan araştırmanın örneklemi 3-6 yaş grubunda çocuğu olan ve araştırmaya gönüllü olarak katılan 1015 babadan oluşturulmuştur.

Background & objectives:Cataract is one of the leading causes of blindness in the world. The aim of the present study was to investigate anticataractogenic effect of betaine in chick embryo hydrocortisone (HC)-induced cataract model.Methods:The study included 60 fertilized eggs divided into six groups each having 10 eggs: one group treated with only HC (HC group); three treated with both HC and different doses of betaine (HC/B 1.00, HC/B 0.50 and HC/B 0.25 groups) and two non-HC groups treated with only phosphate-buffered saline (PBS group) or betaine (B group). After the injections, lenses of the embryos were removed and classified into five stages according to the lens opacification. The amounts of reduced glutathione (GSH) in the removed lenses were measured.Results:All the lenses in non-HC-treated groups were clear, whereas in the HC-treated group, 90 per cent of the lenses had cataract (stages 4 and 5). The mean score of lens opacity was significantly lower in all HC/B groups compared to HC group (2.4-3.5 vs. 4.4, P<0.05). Among HC/B groups, the HC/B 0.25 group had significantly lower mean score of lens opacity compared to remaining HC/B groups treated with higher doses of betaine. In addition, the mean reduced GSH level was significantly higher in HC/B 0.25 group compared to HC, HC/B 1.00 and HC/B 0.50 groups (P<0.001).Interpretation & conclusions:The present results show beneficial anti-cataract and anti-oxidant effects of 0.25 μmol/egg betaine on HC-induced cataract in the chick embryo.

Infertility has become an increasingly important health problem due to genetic, familial, hormonal, and congenital abnormalities, environmental and chemical reasons. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Panax ginseng (Pnx) root extract on cisplatin (CP) induced testicular damage of rats. Four animal groups were applied with different protocols as control, Pnx (200 mg / kg), CP (7 mg / kg), and CP + Pnx (200 mg / kg). At the end of the experiment, the body and testicular weights of the rats were measured. While free/total testosterone, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and total oxidative species (TOS) levels were analyzed in blood samples, apoptotic cells were marked by TUNEL staining in testicular samples of rats. According to the results, free/total testosterone and TAC levels were decreased while TOS levels increased in injured rats' plasma. On the other hand, seminiferous tubule diameters widened, and the number of apoptotic cells increased in rats' testis. These variables were significantly improved with the consumption of Pnx. As a result, Pnx has a significant protective effect on testicular tissue; however, further studies are needed to elucidate its action mechanism.