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An approach for a fast recycling process for Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide (NCA) cathode scrap material without the presence of a reducing agent was proposed. The combination of metal leaching using strong acids (HCl, H2SO4, HNO3) and mixed metal hydroxide co-precipitation followed by heat treatment was investigated to resynthesize NCA. The most efficient leaching with a high solid loading rate (100 g/L) was obtained using HCl, resulting in Ni, Co, and Al leaching efficiencies of 99.8%, 95.6%, and 99.5%, respectively. The recycled NCA (RNCA) was successfully synthesized and in good agreement with JCPDS Card #87-1562. The highly crystalline RNCA presents the highest specific discharge capacity of a full cell (RNCA vs. Graphite) of 124.2 mAh/g with capacity retention of 96% after 40 cycles. This result is comparable with commercial NCA. Overall, this approach is faster than that in the previous study, resulting in more efficient and facile treatment of the recycling process for NCA waste and providing 35 times faster processing.

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Research on a subject of the preparation of Ni-Mo catalyst on pillared clay support by wetness impregnation method will be investigated in laboratory. The metal concentration of Mo, which will be treated, is roughly 20 %wt and of Ni is 3 %wt. Due to using MoO3 as the metal active catalyst; therefore the support has to contain a specific surface area more than 210 m2/gr in order to achieve the high dispersion of active metal on the support. Also, the effect of the pH of the Mo impregnation solution to the metal active dispersion and activity for Coker naphtha hydrodesulfurization (HDS) will be studied. Characterization of the catalyst will be conducted by using X-ray Diffraction, FT-Infrared, X-ray fluorescence and nitrogen sorption measurement. It is found that the surface area of the support is generated almost 280 m2/gr by pillarization with the oxide composition of the catalyst was 12%-wt of MoO3 and 1.4%-wt of NiO. NiMo-PILC pH-10 catalyst had higher dispersion of active metal on the support than NiMo-PILC pH-1 catalyst. On NiMo-PILC pH-10 catalyst, there was a substantial part of Mo species in the interlayer space of the Al-pillared lay, probably in interaction with the alumina pillar.  Although, it has to be more detail investigated. From the result of the activity test for Coker naphtha HDS showed that NiMo­ PILC pH-10 catalyst had slightly higher activity than NiMo-PILC pH-1 catalyst. However, the both of catalyst still had not good enough activity if compare with the commercial catalyst.Keywords: Montmorillonite-Pillared Clay, Ni-Mo catalyst, Preparation Abstrak Suatu penelitian mengenai preparasi katalis Ni-Mo pada penyangga lempung berpilar dengan metoda impregnasi basah dirancang dan dilakukan dalam skala laboratorium. Konsentrasi logam Mo yang digunakan sebesar 13%-b MoO3 dan logam Ni 4%-b NiO. Karena fasa aktif katalis yang digunakan adalah MoO3 maka luas permukaan penyangga yang dibutuhkan adalah lebih besar dari 210 m2/gr guna mendapatkan dispersi yang tinggi. Selain itu, dipelajari juga efek pH larutan impregnasi Mo terhadap dispersi fasa aktif dan aktivitas katalis pada reaksi hidrodesulfurisasi coker nafta. Karakterisasi katalis berpenyangga dilakukan dengan menggunakan alat difraksi sinar-x, FT-IR, XRF serta dilakukan pengukuran luas permukaan spesifiknya. Dari penelitian ini, didapatkan luas permukaan penyangga lempung berpilar sebesar 277 m2/gr dengan komposisi okasida katalis NiMo yang dihasilkan adalah 12%-b MoO3 dan 1.4%-b NiO. Katalis NiMo-PILC pH-1O memiliki dispersi logam aktif yang lebih tinggi pada penyangga jika dibandingkan dengan katalis NiMo-PILC pH-1. Selain itu, pada katalis NiMo-PILC pH-10 ditemukan adanya sebagian logam Mo yang masuk kedalam ruang interlayer dari lempung, yang diduga menjadi pilar. Namun hal ini harus diteliti lebih detail. Hasil uji aktivitas katalis pada reaksi HDS coker nafta menunjukan bahwa katalis NiMo-PILC pH-10 memiliki aktivitas yang lebih tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan katalis NiMo-PILC pH-1. Namun aktivitas dari kedua katalis tersebut masih di bawah dari katalis hidrotreating komersial. Kata kunci: Coker Nafta, Katalis Ni-Mo, Lempung Berpilar, Preparasi

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The presence of metals and organometals in heavy crude oil is interesting research to study. The most abundant heavy metals and undesirable presence of heavy metals in crude oil are nickel and vanadium. Organometals such as metalloporphyrin can inhibit the catalyst performance in cracking process. Crude oil is classified into asphaltenes and maltenes phases. In this study, isolation of metalloporphyrin in maltenes was perfomed by column chromatography using eluent of n-heptane: ethyl acetate (8.5:1.5) (v/v). The isolated metalloporphyrin was characterized using Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry, FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared), and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). UV-Vis spectrophotometry characterization showed the presence of metalloporphyrin at the maximum wavelength of 480–700 nm. FTIR characterization showed the existence of pyrrole rings vibration, which described as porphyrin compound at the wavenumber of 800 cm−1. LC-MS characterization showed the presence of vanadium bound at porphyrin in maltenes with the molecular formula of C39H36N4VOS.

The modification of bentonite by pillarization using aluminum polycation type Keggin [Al13O4(OH)24(H2O)12]7+ has been carried out, by exchange of cation from interlayer with aluminum polycation. The amount of aluminum polycation, which was used for the pillaring of bentonite was varied, i.e. 5 mmol/gram, 10 mmol/gram, and 20 mmol/gram of bentonite. After drying, the pillared bentonite was calcined at 400 oC for 6 hour with temperature rate of 5 oC/min. The cationic exchange capacity (CEC) of starting bentonite was 98.3 meq/100 gram. The concentration ratio of Al/Si increased from 0.27 to 0.34 for pillared bentonite and of Ca/Si was decreased from 0.06 to 0.006 for pillared bentonite. The basal space for pillared bentonit increased significantly from 7.30 Å to about 18 Å . The measured specific surface area (by BET) of pillared bentonite was also increased significantly from 46 m2/g to about 162 m2/g. It was concluded that bentonite has been pillared by aluminum polication successfully.   Keywords: aluminum polycation, bentonite