NCA cathode material: synthesis methods and performance enhancement efforts

A Fast Metals Recovery Method for the Synthesis of Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide Material from Cathode Waste

“…This was probably due to the small amounts of residual product (NaCl) remaining in the P-HA sample after the co-precipitation process (see Equations (2)-(4)), influencing crystal formation during the sintering process. The previous research showed that the presence of salt (NaCl) could increase the crystallinity of the material [46], resulting in a better predicted charge-discharge performance [62]. In order to calculate the values of the crystallite sizes of RNCA samples, the Debye-Scherrer Equation was used (Equation (5)), where D p is the average crystallite size, λ is the X-ray wavelength (1.54178 Å), k is the Scherrer constant (0.9~1), B is the FWHM (Full Width at Half-Maximum) of the XRD peak, and θ is the XRD peak position.…”

“…Based on the SEM images, some primary particles did not agglomerate into larger secondary particles. Loose submicron primary particles have a larger surface area and are reactive with electrolytes during the charge-discharge process, which could lead to side reactions forming a passivation surface [46,65,66] and cause a defect in the electrochemical performance. After being cycled at 200 mA/g, the cells were charged and discharged at 4 mA/g five times to prove the reversibility of Li-ion insertion and de-insertion.…”

“…However, complex equipment and a large amount of energy were also required in the recycling process. No report has been found regarding the resynthesis of NCA material from a leaching stream of NCA waste, which is one of the most promising cathode materials with features such as specific high capacity, high energy density, and a long life cycle [21,46].…”

Synthesis of a fine LiNi0.88Co0.09Al0.03O2 cathode material for lithium-ion batteries via a solvothermal route and its improved high-temperature cyclic performance

“…This problem has blocked the large-scale application of NCA. 10,11 In the second synthesis method, Ni-Co precursor synthesized by the co-precipitation method is thoroughly mixed with Al source (nanosized Al 2 O 3 or Al(OH) 3 ) and LiOH. This mixed powder is sintered at high temperature to obtain the NCA cathode material.…”

The Formation of Layered Double Hydroxide Phases in the Coprecipitation Syntheses of [Ni0.80Co0.15](1−x)/0.95Alx(OH)2(anionn−)x/n (x = 0–0.2, n = 1, 2)

“…Experimental methods in the literature on NCA materials syntheses often omit precursor characterization [25][26][27][28][29][30][31] or use commercially supplied precursors [32][33][34][35]. Where precursor characterization was reported, there was generally very little discussion as to the presence, formation or removal of the LDH phase [16,17,[36][37][38][39][40][41]. Our recent work was focused on the removal of the LDH phase and helped shed some light on this topic [17].…”