Urea molasses multi-nutrient block (UMMB) is a feed supplement and one of the best formulas constructed by the National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN). This supplement contains soya bean meal (SBM) and has been developed using different protein sources, such as Enterolobium cyclocarpum (Ec), soya bean waste sauce (SBWs), wheat pollard (WP) and WP bypass protein (WPBp). It has also been developed using medicated block (MB). The objective is to introduce the P-32 tracer for obtaining a new feed supplement, to apply UMMB-SBM on beef cattle for fattening, and to test UMMB-MB on cows in the field. Parameters measured include microbial protein synthesis (MPS) in rumen liquid, daily live weight gain (DLWG), milk production and total count of worm in feces. Statistical analysis used were Latin squares, Student's t-test, and completely randomized design. The UMMB-SBM was better than UMMB-Ec, UMMB-SBWs, and UMMB-WP, because it was able to increase MPS by up to 205.67%, superior to the other feed supplements (51.01%, 34.04%, and 73.94% respectively). On the other hand, with UMMBWPBp supplementation, MPS was enhanced by 425.27%. The UMMB-SBM was able to increase DLWG by 0.34, 0.30, 0.38 and 0.36 kg/head/d on Bali cattle, Ongole, Simmental, and Frisian Holstein cross breed respectively. The increase of cost benefit ratio was affected by increasing DLWG. These values were 1:1.89; 1: 1.34; 1:1.45 and 1:1.35 respectively. UMMB-MB-C. aeruginosa and albendazole increased milk production by 4.23% and 46.56%, respectively. In the first communal group, beef cows that received UMMB-MB albendazole were able to increase feed consumption, including dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, and total digestible nutrient, at P<0.05. The second communal group, feed consumption significantly differed from control at P<0.05 on crude protein, and total digestible nutrient. UMMB-MB tends to be effective only for ten days on the total amount of egg worm in feces.
WHO declared COVID-19 infection as a pandemic since 2020. A rapid noninvasive examination is needed for screening and diagnostic. Exhaled Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) is a sample directly connected to the affected organ, which is the lung, and can be measured as an endogenous volatile marker resulted from oxidative stress. This study aims to analyze differences in VOC concentration in COVID-19 patients with pneumonia and without pneumonia. This Case Control Study used 93 confirmed case samples of COVID-19 and 42 healthy subject. Demographic and clinical data taken from anamnesis and/or medical records. VOC’s data of respiratory track are taken through the exhalation air in a bag and analyzed with breathanalyzer. Statistical analysis was conducted using Mann-Whitney test. In the analysis of confirmed samples of COVID-19 between pneumonia and without pneumonia, co components were found to affect the incidence of pneumonia in confirmed samples of COVID-19 (p=0.003). This conclusion is Components of CO in confirmed COVID-19 have a meaningful effect on an event of pneumonia.
Objective. The implementation of guidelines in clinical practice is still facing a lot of obstacles. Although clinical recommendations of dyslipidemia are extant, little is known about how community physicians view guidelines and their implementation. The objective of this study is to assess the acceptance of guideline content and perceived implementation of dyslipidemia guidelines among physicians in Malang, Indonesia.Methodology. Semi-structured validated questionnaires were given to 67 random physicians consisting of general practitioners (GP), internal medicine residents and internists. The questionnaire consisted of 19 questions evaluating four parts: information about access to dyslipidemia training, dyslipidemia guideline-perceived knowledge, level of understanding of dyslipidemia guidelines and application rate of guideline adopted. Evaluation results were scored ordinally and divided into 3 levels; less, enough and good for each part of the questionnaire.Results. 89.2% of samples in the GP group lacked information about dyslipidemia training. The resident group had participated and were involved in dyslipidemia management training (98.3%), followed by the internist group (95.2%). In the GP group, 89.2% never or had less participation in dyslipidemia management training. The GP group (76.2%) also had had poor knowledge in understanding lipid guidelines, in which the least knowledge is known about targets of treatment, non-drug treatment and risk factors. Also, 40.3% of the GP group is still not capable of adopting dyslipidemia guidelines in daily practice. A major barrier was lack of understanding of guidelines (76.3%), followed by failure of adherence to the therapy of patients (12.1%). In the resident group, a major obstacle in the application of the guidelines is education level of the patient (45.5%). In all groups, HMG-CoA Reductase inhibitors are the most commonly used lipid-lowering drugs for treatment of dyslipidemia (98.1% in GP group, 96.3% in resident group, and 97.3% in internist group).Conclusions. GPs, as physicians in primary health care system, had poor information and participation in dyslipidemia training, and poor knowledge of dyslipidemia guidelines (AACE, AHA, CCS), as well as understanding and application of the dyslipidemia guidelines (ATP III, PERKENI) to the population, whereas residents and internists had better perception and application of dyslipidemia guidelines.
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