Technology development of satellite earth observation offers multi-spectral data, variations sensitivity of satellite sensors are very useful to detect existing conditions by using the remote sensing algorithm to extract the land cover and the phenomenon that has occurred. Ecosystems have bound tolerance to nature condition and organisms have adaptation limit to climate change. Method used in this study was the extraction of land cover by applying multi spectral analysis as Maximum Likelihood, object base image analysis, (LST) land surface temperature, and also the formula Threat of Land Expansion (TLE) to the environment. Result showed that multispectral and time series analysis gave the increasing dynamic of land expansion, especially for forest high density, which areas ranged from 29098.73 ha in 2000 to 19216.7 ha in 2018. The surface temperature increase was ± 2.8 C° in eighteen years. The temperature dynamic represented the micro climate changes, has followed stream of land expansion. TLE represented zone threats of land expansion to natural ecosystems. It was found that threat zone because land expansion. The area of high threat vale 0.4 around central human activity was a built up area.
Helmeted hornbill (Rhinoplax vigil) is a protected wildlife in Indonesia according to enactment no. 5, 1999 about Conservation of Natural Resources and its Ecosystems and Government Regulation no. 9, 1999 about plant and wildlife preservation. Helmeted Hornbill habitats spread in five country regions: Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia (Malayan Peninsula and Serawak), Brunei, and Indonesia (Sumatra and Borneo). Silokek Geopark which located in Sijunjung Regency, West Sumatra Province, Indonesia is an identified location of Helmeted Hornbill habitat existence. Beside its uniqueness in physics, this bird also have an ecological function as seed dispersal in nature. The utilization of Remote Sensing (RS) technology and and Geographic Information System (GIS) is highly useful in identification the Helmeted Hornbill habitat distribution in this research. Geographic dateset used in this research are Landsat OLI 8 imagery, Shuttle Radar Topographic Model (SRTM), Coordinate points of Helmeted Hornbill existence and location assesment, and other dataset related to administration boundary in Silokek Geopark. This research aims to find conservation priority zone of Helmeted Hornbill in Silokek Geopark. By utilizing Maximun Entropy (MaxEnt) algorithm with finding points and location assessment, we can determine the distribution of Helmeted Hornbill habitat in Silokek Geopark based on habitat likeness. This research produces the model of conservation priority zones in geopark silokek which are distributed in hilly protected forest area and the distributions are concentrated in the center and noth east part of our researc area. This model is highly influenced by forest texture (25.7%), distance of patches (24.3%), and distance of settlement.
Indonesia is aprone’s country to the occurrence of mass movements. These disasters often occur in various regions, especially during the winter. Banjir Kanal is one of the locations of landslides from the observation in the field, the type of ground motion that occurs in the research area such as slump, it caused by the intense weathering of rocks and triggered by a condition of ground water level, Vibration, and human activities. Soil material at the research area such as claystone as the original soil and sandy clay stone as fill soil. The soil conditions and slope angle that very steep about 60 degree is a factors causing mass movement. The purpose of this research to determine the type of ground motion, causes and triggers of mass movement at the research area, and to know the success level of grouting methods to overcome them. The research method that used is descriptive method and experimental methods. Slope stability analysis used by the Fellenius method that calculated to determine the value of safety factor (Fs) at the study site. Based on the results of such simulations could be seen that after the implementation of grouting, soil cohesion increased.
The sun bear is conservation mammal in Indonesia. The ecological problems as conflict among mammals and human often happen around wildlife, the one of the case is the conflict between sun bear (helarctos malayanus) with human. In Pasaman where around the anthropogenic landscape is bounded by natural forest as sun bear habitat. In this decade, the story has recorded about ±16 incidents. The aim of this research is to geospatial modeling the area of potential conflict between sun bear- human. The method in this research is to use natural logarithmic and regression logistic. The tool is geographical information system and maximum entropy. The result of this research, there has found the distribute energy each variable landscape ecosystem. The statistical model of the potential conflict it has spread on landscape ecosystem. The average value of AUC prediction in this model is at number of 0.91. The variable contribution which affect are forest edge at number of 39.2%, the alternative food (plantation) at number of 31.4%, and forest fragmentation at number of 16.9%.
Harimau Sumatera Phantera Tigris Sumatrae adalah satwa endemik pulau Sumatera yang saat ini berada pada red zone atau hewan terancam punah. Banyak faktor penyebab kepunahan, salah satunya adalah deforestasi dan pembukaan lahan untuk kebutuhan manusia menekan landskap hutan alami yang menjadi habitat spesies ini dan memicu terjadinya konflik satwa. Tujuan penelitian untuk melakukan pemetaan jenis landskap berdasarkan konsep ekologi landskap pada kawasan hutan, dan melakukan zonasi konflik satwa liar Harimau Sumatera dengan manusia. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis spasial dengan sistem informasi geografis dan penginderaan jauh dan analisis deskriptif. Data yang digunakan adalah citra satelit sentinel tahun 2020. Riwayat kejadian konflik diperoleh dari BKSDA Provinsi Sumatera Barat data ini dianalisis dengan metode kernel density untuk merepresentasikan zona bahaya konflik. Secara keseluruhan pemanfaatan lahan yang tidak sesuai dengan penujukkan kawasan hutan dimana yang seharusnya ditutupi oleh lanskap hutan akan tetapi pemanfaatanya adalah pertanian lahan kering. Pada kawasan hutan lindung HL luas perkebunan mencapai 3.363 hektar, pada Kawasan suaka alam KSA 403 hektar dan pada kawasan TNKS Taman Nasional Kerinci Seblat 3192 Hektar. Dalam kurun waktu satu dekade terjadi 23 kali kejadian konflik harimau dengan manusia. Secara spasial konflik ini terfokus pada wilayah utara Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan, yang tersebar di antara dua landskap hutan yang terpisah
Tesso Nilo National Park is one of the protected areas designated as KPA by the Decree of the Minister of Forestry No.225/Menhut-II/2004 dated July 19, 2004 covering an area of 38,576 ha, then expanded again through the Decree of the Minister of Forestry No.663/Menhut/2009 dated 19 October 2009 with an area of ± 83,068 ha. The Tesso Nilo National Park area is experiencing the dynamics of land cover changes, namely the conversion of forest land which causes the forest area to become increasingly narrow in this area. With the reduction in forest area in this area, it causes a decrease in ecosystem network connectivity due to forest fragmentation that occurs, so that forests are separated and further apart. This study aims to analyze changes in land cover in the Tesso Nilo National Park area to find out information on changes in habitat ecosystems in the last 20 years. the observations were made using satellite images in 1999, 2010 and 2019. so that it can be seen the effect of forest fragmentation on ecosystems in the Tesso Nilo National Park area. From the results of the analysis, it was found that the area of forest cover in the Tesso Nilo National Park decreased from 1999 to 2019 and caused changes in the connectivity network of forest ecosystems, which was found in the study, the weakest connectivity separated forest fragments as far as 17394.47 meters due to forest cover fragmentation.
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