Flow-cytometric analyses of DNA content were performed on chopped in vivo, in vitro, and protoplast-derived in vitro nuclei of Solanum phureja. An anther-derived monoploid genotype and a diploid and tetraploid clone, derived from callus culture of the monoploid genotype, were used to characterize the influence of in vivo and in vitro environment and explant ploidy level on the extent of endopolyploidization. In addition, protoplast-derived nuclei, from nine anther-derived monoploid genotypes, were examined for genotypic influences on endopolyploidization. DNA distributions of the anther-derived monoploid and callus-derived clones in vivo contained peaks corresponding to 1C, 2C, and 4C DNA levels. By comparison, diploid and tetraploid clones cultured in vitro did not contain 1C DNA peaks. Nuclear DNA content beyond the 4C level was not observed in any of the samples tested. The frequency of monoploid nuclei did not vary significantly among protoplast-derived nuclei from the monoploid genotypes; however, significant differences were detected between replications over time. Variability among the monoploid genotypes was shown for frequency of endoreplicated (4C) nuclei, indicating a genotypic influence on monoploid stability.Key words: potato, monoploid, anther culture, callus culture, protoplast culture, flow cytometry.
plant regeneration from anther cultures of three north american cultivars of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.)" (1996)
Summary.A study was conducted to maxmuze plant regeneration frequencies from cultured anthers of' Chandler', 'Honeoye', and 'Redchief strawberries (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.). A comparison of auxins (IAA, NAA), cytokinins (BA, BPA, KIN) and carbohydrates (sucrose, glucose, maltose) in MS medium showed that the highest shoot regeneration across cultivars (8%) occurred when using a medium containing 2 mgtl IAA, I mgtl BA, and 0.2 M glucose. A comparison ofMS, NN, and HI inorganic medium (a new formulation based on the anther culture literature) solidified with either agar or gellan gum and containing IAA, BA, and glucose, showed the highest shoot regeneration across cultivars (19%) when using HI and gellan gum. Lastly, media containing FeEDTAyielded more shoots than media containing Fe-Metalosate, and anthers cultured on Fe-EDT A media in darkness for 30d followed by 30d in white light produced more shoots (16% average regeneration) than those cultured on Fe-EDTA media under white or yellow light (16h photoperiod) for the initial 30d (0.3% and 5% respectively). Plants were acclimated ex vitro where they flowered and set :fruit. Chromosome counts of root tip cells confirmed that haploid plants were obtained from all three cultivars.
plant regeneration from anther cultures of three north american cultivars of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.)" (1996)
Summary.A study was conducted to maxmuze plant regeneration frequencies from cultured anthers of' Chandler', 'Honeoye', and 'Redchief strawberries (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.). A comparison of auxins (IAA, NAA), cytokinins (BA, BPA, KIN) and carbohydrates (sucrose, glucose, maltose) in MS medium showed that the highest shoot regeneration across cultivars (8%) occurred when using a medium containing 2 mgtl IAA, I mgtl BA, and 0.2 M glucose. A comparison ofMS, NN, and HI inorganic medium (a new formulation based on the anther culture literature) solidified with either agar or gellan gum and containing IAA, BA, and glucose, showed the highest shoot regeneration across cultivars (19%) when using HI and gellan gum. Lastly, media containing FeEDTAyielded more shoots than media containing Fe-Metalosate, and anthers cultured on Fe-EDT A media in darkness for 30d followed by 30d in white light produced more shoots (16% average regeneration) than those cultured on Fe-EDTA media under white or yellow light (16h photoperiod) for the initial 30d (0.3% and 5% respectively). Plants were acclimated ex vitro where they flowered and set :fruit. Chromosome counts of root tip cells confirmed that haploid plants were obtained from all three cultivars.
NotesVol. 77 atom, and assume its independence of temperature between the melting point (157°) and 450°, we get a heat of formation of -16.4 kj./g. atom from the solid elements at 450°. This may be compared to the heat of formation of CdSb at room temperature, for which Kubaschewski and Evans1 2 recommend the value -1.8 ± 0.1 kcal./g. atom ( -7.5 ± 0.4 kj.). The indium metal used in this work was a gift of the Anaconda Copper Co. This work was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research under contract No. N-6ori-02004 with The University of Chicago.
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