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Introduction: Parkinsonism is a neurodegenerative disorder. Pomegranate (POM) has been previously shown to have a dopaminergic neuroprotective effect against Parkinsonism. Objective:The aim of the current study is to compare the efficacy of POM, vinpocetine, Propolis, Cocoa or L-dopa using RT-induced Parkinsonism rat model. Methods:Rats were divided into seven groups; one normal and five RT model groups. One of the RT (2.5 mg/kg sc) groups served as non-treated parkinsonism model whereas the others were treated with either L-dopa (10 mg/kg PO) or with POM (150 mg/kg PO) together with each of the following; vinpocetine (VIN) (20 mg/kg PO), Propolis (300 mg/kg PO), Cocoa (24 mg/kg PO). Motor and cognitive performances were examined using three tests (catalepsy, open-field, Y-maze). Striatal dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, acetylcholinesterase, GABA, Glutamate, GSK 3B, BDNF levels were assessed as well as MDA, SOD, .

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Abstract Background: Ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) induces an inflammatory response and production of ROS, which affects the organs remote to the sites of RIR. However, remote effects of RIR injury on the liver need further investigations. Renal injury associated with liver disease is a common clinical problem. Colchicine is an established drug for microtubule stabiliza¬tion that may reduce tissue injury, and had antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Objective: The aim of the present study was (i) To assess the hepatic changes after induction of renal IRI; (ii) to explore the possible protective effect of colchicine on liver injury following renal IRI and (iii) to investigate the possible mechanisms underlying the potential effect. Methods: Forty rats were randomly divided into four groups; sham operation group, colchicine treated group, IR group, colchicine treated-IR group. Results: Colchicine treatment improved liver function (ALT/AST) after renal IRI, decreased hepatic oxidative stress, and cell apoptosis by reducing hepatic MDA, upregulating hepatic TAC, Nrf2, and HO-1. Furthermore, colchicine inhibited inflammatory responses by downregulating hepatic NLRP3 inflammasome, IL–1β, and caspase 1. Conclusion: Colchicine attenuates renal IRI-induced liver injury in rats. This effect may be due to reducing inflammation and oxidative stress markers.