Ewing's sarcoma (ES) is an uncommon malignancy of childhood and adults that constitutes 6%–8% of all primary malignant tumors and the third-most common tumor after osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma, frequently involves the mandible among jaw bones. This article presents a rare case of ES of maxilla in a 22-year-old male patient showing extensive lesion into skull base which was confirmed with computed tomography, dilemmatic histopathologic features in H and E which is not a frequent presentation. Histopathologic features showed monotonous round cells with hypo- and hyper-cellular areas, intralesional hemorrhage and necrosis with lesional cells positive for CD99. Although the prognosis is poor, early diagnosis and long-term follow-up can improve the survival. The diagnosis was confirmed by immunohistochemistry where lesional cells were positive for CD 99 and vimentin. ES of maxilla is a rare and aggressive tumor. Hence, early diagnosis, combined therapy, and long-term follow-up are suggested in such cases.
Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is classified as a fibro-osseous lesion, benign in nature which exhibits distinctive features like exchange of normal bone by fibro-osseous connective tissue with different degrees of osseous metaplasia. The craniofacial type of FD which can affect jaw bones is a rare entity. It may cause pain, deformities, and pathological fracture of bone. FD constitutes approximately 2-5% of all bone tumors and 7% of all benign tumors. Here, we are reporting a case of FD affecting maxilla. Diagnosis was based on clinical, radiographical, and histological findings. Differential diagnosis poses a great value in case of FD.
Odontogenic cysts are considered as non-neoplastic benign lesions. Odontogenic keratocyst is a cystic lesion of tooth origin with an intrusive clinical behavior involving an elevated recurrence rate. It has been renamed to keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT), as it explains its tumor nature which is distinguished by stratified squamous epithelium with parakeratinization and a prospective for destruction, impregnating behavior, and for the possibility for malignant transformation in the wall of the lesion. Histologic examination is necessary for diagnosis as the clinician find it difficult to manage the lesion since the true nature of the lesion is not revealed. This article is an attempt to extend an outline of a diverse strand of KCOT.
Background: Vascular anomalies are congenital defects in vasculogenesis. They are classified into vascular tumors (hemangiomas) and vascular malformations (venous malformations, arteriovenous malformations, lymphatic malformations). Sometimes, lymphatic channels may be evident in hemangiomas. Depending on predominant component, it will be categorized either as hemangiolymphangiomas or lymphangiohemangiomas, vice versa is true for lymphangiomas. Hemangiomas of the oral cavity are not commonly observed though head and neck are common sites.
Case presentation: The patient was a 13-year-old female who presented herself to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery at Dental college, with the complaint of swelling in upper lip since 12 years. The swelling was soft in consistency and bluish in colour. The lesion was diagnosed as hemangioma after clinical examination and excised under general anaesthesia. Histopathology was consistent with Hemangio-lymphangiomas.
Conclusion: Hemangio-lymphangiomas are not common in oral cavity but all suspicious cases should be properly investigated. Early detection and biopsy is necessary to determine the clinical behavior of the tumor and potential dentoalveolar complications.
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