Indonesian chili faces some problems in increasing production, added value, and competitiveness of chili products, mainly in terms of quantity, quality, and continuity. The objectives of this study are (1) to analyze the private and social profitability of chili farming, (2) to analyze the chili competitiveness from both competitive and comparative advantage perspectives, (3) to examine government policy impact on chili performance, and (4) to formulate strategies to encourage chili development in Indonesia. The results of the policy analysis matrix revealed that chili farming in Indonesia’s production centers is profitable, both privately and socially. It also has competitiveness, both competitive and comparative advantages. The highest competitiveness occurs in Bandung district, West Java, with a coefficient of private cost ratio (PCR) of 0.416 and a domestic resource cost ratio (DRCR) of 0.269. Meanwhile, the lowest competitiveness occurs in Tabalong district, South Kalimantan, with a PCR coefficient of 0.857 and a DRCR of 0.556. This study also concluded that for Indonesia, it is more profitable to increase domestic chili production than importing from abroad. Strategic policies for chili development can be implemented by using hybrid seeds, complete and balanced fertilization, improving irrigation infrastructure and farming roads, increasing the capacity of farmers’ resources, and expanding the objectives and market segments.
The study aims to analyze Indonesian mangosteen export performance and its competiveness. Primary data were collected from the mangosteen production center in Bukit Barisan District, Limapuluh Kota Regency, West Sumatera Barat Province, on July 2011. The respondents consisted of farmers, traders, exporters and stakeholders. Secondary data were gathered from CBS and UN. A Constant Market Shares (CMS) analysis of period 2000-2009 was utilized to identify Indonesian export performance, while competitiveness was measured using Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM). The results show that the competitiveness of Indonesian mangosteen in the world market tends to decline indicated by the decrease of market share in several export markets. The competitiveness analysis shows that mangosteen farms in West Sumatra have both comparative and competitive advantages. To increase mangostene export performance, Indonesia should find the market with the growth rate higher than that of world demand and improve on-farm technology to produce better quality of mangosteen. Key words: competitiveness, export, constant market share, policy analysis matrix ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kinerja ekspor manggis Indonesia di tatanan pasar internasional dan daya saing komoditas manggis. Data primer untuk studi kasus dikumpulkan dari daerah sentra produksi manggis di Kecamatan Bukit Barisan, Kabupaten Limapuluh Kota, Provinsi Sumatera Barat, pada bulan Juli 2011. Responden penelitian terdiri dari petani, pedagang, eksportir, dan instansi terkait. Disamping itu, untuk analisis CMS digunakan data sekunder yang bersumber dari BPS dan UN. Untuk menganalisis kinerja manggis Indonesia di pasar dunia digunakan analisis Constant Market Share (CMS) untuk periode 2000-2009. Sementara untuk mengukur daya saing dilakukan dengan Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa daya saing manggis Indonesia di pasar internasional cenderung menurun. Hal ini diindikasikan oleh penurunan pangsa ekspor Indonesia di beberapa pasar tujuan ekspor. Hasil analisis PAM menunjukkan bahwa usahatani manggis di Sumatera Barat memiliki keunggulan komparatif dan keunggulan kompetitif. Untuk meningkatkan kinerja ekspor manggis Indonesia diperlukan upaya pencarian pasar dengan volume permintaan impor yang besar dengan laju pertumbuhan yang lebih tinggi dari rata-rata pertumbuhan permintaan dunia, serta memperbaiki pengelolaan usahatani manggis agar dapat dihasilkan buah manggis dengan kualitas yang lebih baik.Kata kunci : daya saing, ekspor, pangsa pasar konstan, matrik analisis kebijakan
Export is one source of foreign exchange earnings for the country. This study analyzes the competitiveness of Indonesian nutmeg in the world market. Measurement of competitiveness was conducted by looking at the comparative and competitive advantages nutmeg products in each of the main markets for export and comparison with competitors. The analytical method uses Revealed Comparative Advance (RCA) and Export Product Dynamic (EPD) in the period 2014-2018. The competitiveness analysis results show that nutmeg and nutmeg powder products have competitiveness in all export destination markets. Competitor countries, namely India, do not have competitiveness in the Dutch and Japanese markets. The nutmeg commodity has a competitive advantage with the trend and the share of exports that are still growing (fast-growing). However, nutmeg powder is no longer competitive in the export destination market. Active efforts to find new markets through market diversification while maintaining existing markets can be an option to increase Indonesian nutmeg exports.
Indonesia is the second-largest pepper (Piper Nigrum L) producer country after Vietnam and followed by India, Brazil, and Malaysia. While Vietnam is the largest black pepper producer, Indonesia is recognized as the largest white pepper-producing country. With the increasing market competition among them in the international market, Indonesia has to increase the market competitiveness of its pepper exports against its competitors. This study aims to analyze the competitiveness of Indonesian pepper exports in the international market by using secondary data from various sources, including from the Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture and the International Pepper Community for the year 2018. It focuses on Pepper beans (HS 0900411) and Pepper Powder (HS090412) and uses two methods, namely Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and Export Products Dynamic (EPD). The RCA analysis shows that Indonesia has a comparative advantage as a pepper exporter on the international market, both for pepper beans and powder. However, the results of the EPD analysis revealed that such an advantage is declining. For example, the study revealed that the export of pepper beans from Indonesia to the United Stated is in the lost opportunity position, and to Vietnam and Singapore are in the falling star position. A similar situation occurs for pepper powder where Indonesia’s export to Japan, Netherlands, and Germany are all in the falling star position. Such situations are caused by some challenges Indonesian pepper exports face, including the fulfillment of the good agriculture practices (GAP) in the upstream sector and compliance to international standards.
Sapi bali adalah jenis sapi yang dominan dikembangkan di berbagai wilayah di Indonesia, terutama di Indonesia Timur, namun perkembangannya dipengaruhi oleh dinamika pemasarannya. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk melihat dinamika pemasaran sapi bali di Indonesia timur berdasarkan data dan informasi yang berasal dari hasil pengamatan penulis langsung di lapangan, berbagai publikasi dan data statistik. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa: (i) Ada hubungan positif antara tingkat pendapatan per kapita dan konsumsi daging sapi per kapita dan jumlah konsumsi; (ii) Preferensi masyarakat konsumen di wilayah Jakarta dan sekitarnya sudah bergeser dari daging sapi lokal (sapi bali, dll) ke daging asal ternak sapi dan daging sapi impor; (iii) Kemampuan wilayah timur Indonesia dalam memasok ternak sapi untuk pemotongan lokal dan perdagangan antar provinsi, sudah menurun, utamanya NTT; (iv) Volume impor sapi bakalan dan daging sapi secara nasional terus meningkat; (v) Ternak sapi di wilayah timur Indonesia dipasarkan secara lokal dan antar pulau antara lain ke Jakarta dan Kalimantan dengan rantai pasok dari peternak hingga konsumen akhir yang tidak terlalu panjang; (vi) Dewasa ini, daerah pemasaran ternak sapi hidup dari wilayah NTT dan NTB diperluas ke Kalimantan karena harga jualnya lebih menarik dibanding ke Jakarta; dan (vii) Permasalahan krusial yang dihadapi antara lain adalah alat angkutan ternak dan pelabuhan bongkar-muat ternak masih belum kondusif, pemotongan ternak sapi betina produktif makin banyak, dan kondisi rumah pemotongan hewan (RPH) jauh dari standar higienis. Disarankan agar pemerintah menyediakan fasilitas pelabuhan bongkar-muat yang lebih kondusif, meningkatkan pengawasan terhadap pemotongan ternak sapi betina produktif, pemberian insentif yang memadai bagi peternak untuk melakukan tunda-jual ternak sapinya yang sedang bunting, dan pengendalian impor ternak sapi bakalan dan daging sampai batas tertentu sehingga harga ternak sapi dalam negeri tidak merugikan peternak.
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