<p><em>Diabetes Mellitus is a health issue that attracts a lot of attention because of the prevalence rate that increases every year, especially in developing countries like in Indonesia. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a condition of decreasing the function of the pancreas to produce insulin or insulin receptors are not sensitive so that a metabolic disorder occurs where glucose is not converted into glycogen so that glucose can not enter the cells, resulting in increased blood glucose. Simalungun ethnic is one of the ethnic group in Simalungun Regency of North Sumatera Province where the society of Simalungun ethnic still utilize herbs as an alternative treatment like diabetes mellitus, so it is necessary to do research about the Utilization of Diabetes Mellitus Medicinal Plants In Simalungun Ethnic Society of Simalungun Regency of North Sumatera Province. This research was conducted using exploratory survey by the independent variable informant. Data collection was done by in-depth interview technique to informant. The results obtained 26 species of plants, consisting of, 20 families and 15 orders that have potential as an antidiabetic drug. Plant parts used are roots, leaves, fruit, stems, bark, seeds and tubers. And the most widely used is the leaves as much as 40.74%.</em></p>
This research aims were to determine the total tannin level and to test the antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract of Muntingia calabura L., leaves. The extraction was carried out by maceration method with ethanol solvent. Determination of total tannin content was carried out by colorimetric method which was measured at a wavelength of 745 nm using UV-Vis spectrometry and tannic acid was used as the standard. The antibacterial activity test was carried out by diffusion disc method against, such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Propionebacterium acnes bacteria. The variations in the concentration of the ethanol extract of M. calabura included 12.5%; 25%; 50%, and 75%. Chloramphenicol was used as positive control and DMSO 10% as negative control. The results showed that the ethanol extract of the M. calabura leaves had a total tannin level of 0.0655±0.0002 mg/g d.w (Mean±SD). Antibacterial activity of ethanol extraction by the M. calabura leaves against E. coli (14.18±0.96; 15.53±0.40; 15.92±1.27; and 16.50±0.52), S. typhi (13.37±0.35; 14.47±1.14; 14.97±0.87; and 15.50±0.66), and P. acnes (14.13±0.24; 14.60±0.20; 15.52±1.14; and 16.37±0.46). Antibacterial activity of Chloramphenicol against E. coli, S. typhi and P. acnes are 31.25±2.08; 25.15±1.61; and 23.25±4.42.
Ketumbar (Coriandrum sativum L.) is a plant that is widely used as a spice, especially in cooking spices. This plant has a distinctive aroma. The distinctive aroma that is owned because this plant contains essential oils. 1 Phytochemical screening results of coriander seeds have diverse secondary metabolites, including steroids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, coumarin, 2 volatile compounds 3 and coriander leaves are contain phenolic acid, poliyphenols, glycosides, saponins, flavonoids and tannins. 4,5 These coriander plants have diverse biology activities including antioxidant, 6 antimicrobial, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, anxiolytic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-convulsant 3 and anti-cancer activities and gastrointestinal, antiinflammatory, antiseptic, tranquilizing nervous system, lipolytic and miorelaksan, rerigeran, tonic, dieretic, rheumatic, neuralgia, and flatulence 7 and antimicrobials. 8 This study aims to characterize, isolate essential oils and analyze the content of bioactive compounds of C. sativum leaves using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrocopy (GC-MS). MATERIALS AND METHODS Preparation sampleFresh of ketumbar (C. sativum) leaves were obtained from the Berastagi area, Karo district, North Sumatera, Indonesia. The C. sativum leaves is authorized by the Indonesian scientific institution: Biology Research Center (3533/MEDA/2019). Samples are cleaned in running water, drained, and dried in open spaces which avoid direct contact with sunlight. The dried sample was mashed using a blender to obtain the simplicia powder of C. sativum leaves. Preparation of isolation essential oil of C. sativum leavesIsolation of essential oils of simplicia of C. sativum leaves was carried out by means of modified distillation (Figure 1). Simplisia C. sativum leaves are put into a round pumpkin, plus boiling stones and distilled water to taste. The distillation process is carried out for 1-2 days per 500 g simplicia of C.
Candida albicans dan Pityrosporum fungal caused micosis infections such as candidiasis and dandruff. The altervative medicine as antifungal bioactive substance is obtained from Bulbus Allium cepa L. exstract. The ekstraction of Bulbus Allium cepa L. has held by maserasi technic using etanol 96% as a solvent. The phytochem skrining result of the Bulbus Allium cepa L. extract is composed by alkaloid, flavanoid, tannin, and saponin compound. The test of these extract as antifungal is held by disk diffusion method with concentration variation of the extract is 50 %, 75%, and 100% (w/v). The extraction variation of the extract is implemented to inhibitory test and the result of the test to Candida albicans is 13,5 mm ; 16 mm ; 19 mm respectively and 12 mm ; 15 mm ; 17 mm to Pityrosporum . Base on the data ( zone diameter test of those fungal ) is concluded the extract of Aulbus Allium Cepa L. has a strong category inhibitory test. Keywords : Allium cepa, Candida albicans and Pityrosporum ovale
Lactic acid bacteria are known to have the ability to produce antimicrobial compounds known as bacteriocins. This study aims to determine the ability of lactic acid bacteria to inhibit the growth of Salmonella thypii bacteria. In this study, the lactic acid bacteria used were a collection of the Biology Laboratory of the University of Medan Area. Eight types of lactic acid bacterial isolates were used, including IN01, IN02, SF01, SF02, NN01, NN02 SPU01 and SPU04. A confirmation test was carried out on the growth of lactic acid bacteria and Salmonella thypii by visual and microcopic confirmation through differential staining. The results showed that all lactic acid bacteria were a group of gram-positive bacteria in the form of bacilli. The survival of lactic acid bacterial isolates in the environment with variations in pH and salt levels was indicated by the number of colonies that grew after the incubation period. The antagonistic ability of lactic acid bacteria in suppressing pathogenic bacteria was proven by the presence of an inhibition zone in the form of a clean area around the pathogenic colony. It is known that the SPU01 and SF01 bacterial isolates have the highest inhibition zone values, namely 29.79 mm and 28.13 mm.
Acne is a skin disorder that occurs due to chronic inflammation, which is triggered by the growth of bacteria Propionibacterium acnes. The Balm plant (Polygala paniculata L.) is a small shrub originating from Indonesia. The purpose of this research is to determine the antibacterial activity of the formulation of a cream extract of the herbal ethanol extracts of the balm to the growth of bacteria Propionebacterium acnes. This research is an experimental study with five dosage formulations where the used concentration of extract consists of 0% (F1), 2% (F2), 4% (F3), 6% (F4), VitaCid as a positive control. The testing of antibacterial activity conducted by the CUP-plate technique method. Results showed that the extract of the balm plant in the preparation of cream could inhibit the growth of Propionibacterium acnes, visible with the formation of clear zones. The F1 cream preparations and F2 have stable and F3 categories, F4 has a dominant type.
Typhoid fever is a digestive tract infection caused by Salmonella typhi. Treatment of typhoid fever can use natural ingredients such as lime peel waste. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the ethanol extract of lime peel waste on the growth of Salmonella typhi bacteria. The extraction method used the maceration technique, and the antibacterial activity test used the paper disc diffusion method. The results showed that the ethanol extract of lime peel waste at concentrations of 1 mg/ml, 3 mg/ml, 5 mg/ml and 7 mg/ml with inhibition zone diameters of 4.66 mm, 6.55 mm, 9.29 mm and 10.06 mm. The conclusion shows that there is an effect of lime peel ethanol extract in inhibiting the growth of Salmonella typhi bacteria in the weak to strong category.
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