Stretch woven fabrics are widely used owing to their comfortable properties such as formability, fitting to the human body and shape retention after wearing. These distinguishing properties are determined by stretch and recovery tests. The aim of this study is to determine the optimum elastane draw ratio, load and relaxation type for best stretch and recovery properties of woven stretch fabrics. An optimization model is developed to determine the optimum draw ratio of the elastane core in the yarn, load applied to the fabric and relaxation type for the best response variables of stretch and permanent stretch. The effects of the elastane draw ratio, load applied to the fabric and relaxation type on stretch and permanent stretch properties are found to be statistically significant according to analysis of variance results. Regression models are obtained to estimate the stretch and recovery properties for different elastane draw ratios and load levels. Additionally, the effect of the elastane draw ratio of the yarn on the fatigue properties of woven bi-stretch fabrics is investigated for dry relaxed and laundered states.

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), as the most favorable packaging material, is owing to its transparent color, lightweight, strength, food safe, inexpensive price, fully recyclability, etc. In addition to all these advantages, PET as a waste material takes up considerable space in nature and needs to be recycled for the disposal of these wastes. In this regard, recycling enables conserving raw materials, reducing energy use in order to produce virgin PET, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Today, PET is the most widely recycled plastic in the world. Eco-friendly products obtained by recycling of PET are mainly used as textile fibers. In addition, both brands and consumers are seen to be enthusiastic in order to minimize the environmental effects of PET wastes. This study is concerned with the use of textile fiber from recycled PET (r-PET) bottles to produce a cotton blended ring and compact yarns. Undoubtedly, the study also includes comparison of cotton blended virgin polyester fiber (v-PET) with r-PET fiber to determine the advantages and disadvantages of r-PET fiber. The reason for choosing cotton fiber is the most preferred fiber blending with PET commercially.

Woven fabrics produced from microfilament yarns are superior to conventional filament fabrics in rain clothes, tents, parachutes, sails, wind-proof clothes, sleeping bags, filters, and surgical gowns due to their distinguishing properties such as good filtration, barrier effect against weather conditions, and light weight. Breaking strength and elongation are important and decisive parameters for these end uses since low strength properties shorten the useful life time as well disable the functionality of these products. In this study, breaking strength and elongation properties of microfilament woven fabrics are investigated in comparison to conventional filament fabrics. Three different weave types are used as 1/1 Plain, 3/2 Twill, and 4/1 Satin. Four different weft setts and five different filament finenesses are applied for every weave type. In doing so, 60 woven fabric samples are produced. Important influences of weft sett and filament fineness are observed on weft direction breaking strength. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) results are used to interpret the experimental data.

Purpose -Testing the effect of machine washing and drying on dimensional stability produces information about the fabric types that satisfy consumers during end use. At present, it is a known fact that the weave patterns affect the dimensional stability property of woven fabrics. But the essential requirement is to determine the magnitude of this effect for weave types and establish the proper weave types for end use in definite tolerances. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the dimensional stability properties of 100 percent cotton woven fabrics as a function of weave type. Design/methodology/approach -In total, 12 woven fabrics with different weave derivatives are woven with 100 percent cotton and Ne 30/1 combed ring spun yarn for this investigation. These samples are then washed and dried according to domestic washing and drying standard test procedures. The shrinkage values are measured and then expressed as a percentage of the initial dimensions. Findings -It was observed that weave pattern has a significant effect on the dimensional behavior of woven fabrics. Weave patterns with a high number of interlacings have lower shrinkage values. At the same time, lower yarn crimp values restricted the fabric shrinkage and resulted in better dimensional stability. According to one way ANOVA results, the effect of weave type on dimensional stability is found to be significant ( p , 0.01). In addition to these, Pearson correlation analysis showed that there is an important, positive and fair relationship between the number of washing cycles and total shrinkage.Research limitations/implications -The study covers 100 percent cotton woven fabrics with one type of warp and weft sett. The only finishing treatment applied to the sample fabrics was desizing. No dyeing was carried out. Originality/value -Understanding the magnitude of the effect of weave type on dimensional stability of cotton woven fabrics produces more knowledge about products which satisfy the customers with respect to dimensional stability during usage.

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Since ratification of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child in 1995, significant efforts were made in Turkey to improve protection of children from abuse and neglect. The government took steps to amend relevant laws. Several state departments recognized the need for professional in-service training of relevant governmental agency staff. University hospitals established numerous hospital-based multidisciplinary child protection centres. The government established an Interministerial Higher Council, which has been overseeing the foundation of 13 child advocacy centres for a multidisciplinary and interagency response to child sexual abuse. In addition to undertaking research, non-governmental organizations contributed to this process by instituting professional and public education. These ground-breaking developments in the last decade give promise of even further improvement in the national child protection system from investigative, child protective and rehabilitative perspectives.

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The use of recycled materials has gained massive importance in textile sector as well as in other sectors as the effects of reduction of natural sources are felt all over the world. In this study, it was aimed to analyse the effects of recycled cotton usage on properties of OE-rotor spun yarns and knitted fabrics produced from these yarns. For this purpose, OE-rotor yarns were produced at different proportion levels of virgin cotton and waste cotton that derived from blowroom 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, respectively. For better assessment, properties of OE-rotor yarns that contain waste cotton were compared with 100% virgin cotton OE rotor yarn. Physical, structural and mechanical properties such as unevenness, imperfections, hairiness, breaking force, elongation, yarn-to-yarn friction, yarn-to-metal friction and yarn-to-ceramic friction were measured by Uster Tester 4 SX, Uster Zweigle Hairiness Tester 5, Uster Tensorapid 3 and CTT by Lawson Hemphill. At the second part of the study, single-jersey knitted fabrics were produced from OE-rotor spun yarns. Effects of waste cotton proportion on knitted fabric properties such as pilling, abrasion resistance, bursting strength and air permeability were also evaluated. Results showed that, the use of up to 75% per cent of waste cotton blended yarns show no statistically significant differences on yarn and fabric properties.