In this study, a machine vision system is developed to achieve fabric inspection and defect classification processes automatically. The system consists of an image acquisition hardware and an image processing software. A simple and portable system was designed so that it can be adapted easily to all types of the fabric inspection machines. The software of the system consists of defect detection and classification algorithms. The defect detection algorithm is based on wavelet transform, double thresholding binarization, and morphological operations. It was applied real time via a user interface prepared by using MATLAB ® program. The defect classification approach is based on gray level co-occurrence matrix and feed forward neural network. Five commonly occurring defect types, warp lacking, weft lacking, soiled yarn hole, and yarn flow, were detected and classified. The defective and defect-free regions of the fabric were detected with an accuracy of 93.4% and the defects are classified with 96.3% accuracy rate.
Electrospinning technique was used to produce ultrafine fibers from thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). A direct comparison between melt and solution electrospinning of TPU was provided for the evaluation of process-structure relationship. It was found that the deposition rate of melt electrospinning (0.6 g h À1 ) is four times higher than that of solution electrospinning (0.125 g h À1 ) for TPU under the same processing condition. However, the average fiber diameters of solution electrospun TPUs (220-280 nm) were much lower than those of melt electrospun TPUs (4-8 lm). The effect of processing variables including collection distance and electric field strength on the electrospun fiber diameter and morphology was also studied. The findings indicate that increasing the electric field strength yielded more electrical forces acting on polymer jet and resulted in a decrease in fiber diameter as a result of more fiber drawing in both solution and melt electrospun fibers. It was also demonstrated that increasing the collection distance led to an improvement in the solidification of melt electrospun fibers and thus less fused fibers were obtained. Finally, a close investigation of fiber structures revealed that melt electrospun TPU fibers had smooth surface, whereas solution electrospun TPU fibers showed high intensity of cracks on the fiber surface.
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