One hundred and two Escherichia coli strains isolated from healthy broiler chickens collected from April 2012 to November 2014 in seven geographic areas of western Algeria were studied. Susceptibility pattern to 11 antimicrobial agents was determined by disk diffusion method as recommended by the Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI). Antibiograms revealed high levels of resistance to quinolones and fluoroquinolones including nalidixic acid (100%), flumequin (86, 27%) and enrofloxacin (84, 31%), and to other antibiotics, notably: tetracycline (92, 15%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazol (80, 39%) and amoxicillin (68, 62%). However, a moderate percentage of strains were resistant to neomycin (31, 37%), chloramphenicol (27, 45%) and nitrofurantoin (21, 56%). Only 7, 84% of the isolates were resistant to gentamicin and all the isolates were susceptible to colistin. All isolated E. coli were resistant to at least three antibiotics. 96, 08% and 91, 12% of the isolates were resistant to at least four and five antimicrobials, respectively. Twenty eight antibiotic resistance patterns of E. coli strains were detected, of which 11 were present significantly. The results of this survey indicate very high levels of resistance to quinolones and to other antibiotics in E. coli from healthy broiler chickens in Algeria, and suggested that this reservoir of resistance may affect the therapeutic potential of fluoroquinolones in human and veterinary medicine.
AimMultidrug-resistant (MDR) Enterobacteriaceae have frequently been reported, in both human and veterinary medicine, from different parts of the world as a consequence of antibiotic usage. However, there is a lack of published data regarding antimicrobial resistance in non-Escherichia coli (E. coli) Enterobacteriaceae from animals in Algeria. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of resistance to antibiotics with a focus on quinolones and to investigate the presence of qnr genes inEnterobacteriaceaeof poultry origin.Materials and MethodsA total of 310 samples of poultry origin were collected from 2010 to 2014 from broiler and layer farms and hatcheries located in different geographic areas of Western Algeria (including Mostaganem, Oran, Mascara, Relizane, Chlef, Tiaret, and Tissemsilt). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using disc diffusion assay. Polymerase chain reaction and sequencing accomplished the characterization of qnr genes (qnrA, qnrB, and qnrS).ResultsA total of 253 Enterobacteriaceaestrains were isolated in this study. These isolates exhibited high levels of resistance to quinolones and other families of antibiotics. All the strains isolated in this study were resistant to at least one antibiotic. Among them, 233 (92.09%) were considered MDR. Among the 18 randomly selected nalidixic acid (NA)-resistant Enterobacteriaceaeisolates, one E. coli and one Enterobacter cloacae were carrying qnrS1. By contrast, qnrA and qnrB were not detected in this study.ConclusionThis is the first report on the identification of the qnrS gene in E. cloacae isolated from animal source in Algeria. Further studies have to be conducted to determine the real prevalence of qnr genes.
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