ABSTRAKPiscine nodavirus sebagai penyebab penyakit VNN (Viral Nervous Necrosis) dan iridovirus merupakan jenis virus yang dikenal menjadi penyebab utama kematian ikan laut yang dibudidayakan. Virus ini mampu menginfeksi ikan dari ukuran benih sampai ukuran konsumsi dan dalam waktu dua minggu, kematian mencapai 80% sampai 100%. Pada pembenihan larva dan benih ikan dalam skala rumah tangga ataupun hatcheri lengkap di sepanjang pantai di wilayah Bali Utara sering mengalami infeksi VNN dan iridovirus Namun, informasi terjadinya infeksi belum didata dengan baik. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk memperoleh data dan informasi mengenai peta infeksi atau serangan virus pada pembudidaya/pembenihan ikan sepanjang tahun 2017 di Bali Utara. Sampling dilakukan pada bulan Februari, Mei, Agustus, dan Oktober. Di samping melakukan sampling, juga dilakukan input data dari hasil analisis sampel di laboratorium bioteknologi yang diperoleh dari pemilik hatcheri/pembudidaya ikan. Analisis VNN menggunakan metode IQ Plus sedangkan analisis iridovirus dengan metode PCR konvensional dengan primer spesifik. Parameter yang diamati adalah prevalensi VNN dan iridovirus dari setiap hatcheri dan keramba jaring apung. Sebagai data penunjang pengukuran parameter kualitas air berupa suhu, salinitas, amoniak, dan nitrit yang dilakukan pada saat pengambilan sampel benih. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat infeksi VNN di hatcheri Bali utara terjadi di bulan September sebesar 33,3% dan iridovirus pada bulan Agustus mencapai 18,61%. Sedangkan tingkat prevalensi VNN tertinggi di KJA terjadi pada bulan Oktober mencapai 83,4% dan puncak infeksi iridovirus terjadi di bulan Februari dengan nilai prevalensi sebesar 50,0%. KATA KUNCI: prevalensi; VNN; iridovirus; hatcheri; budidaya laut ABSTRACT: Infection prevalence of viral nervous necrosis (VNN) and iridovirus in hatcheries and mariculture.VNN and iridovirus are viral diseases causing the highest mortality in mariculture. These viruses are able to infect eggs, larvae, juveniles and even marketable size fish. They can cause 80% to 100% mortality in just two weeks. Larvae or fingerlings in small or big scale hatcheries in Northern Bali were frequently infected by VNN or Iridovirus. Unfortunately, information about the local disease outbreaks was not well documented. The aim of this research was to collect data and information about the infection of these viruses in hatcheries and floating net cage mariculture in Northern Bali during 2017. Sampling was conducted in February, May, August, and October, 2017. In addition to the primary data from the field activities, disease infection secondary dataset from the fish farmers who analyzed their infected fish in our laboratory were also used. The identification of VNN infection was performed following IQPlus method while Iridovirus was tested using the conventional PCR method with specific primers. The parameters observed were the VNN and Iridovirus prevalence in each hatchery and floating net cage. Water quality parameters were measured in situ such as tempera...
Sampel ikan tuna sirip kuning, T. albacares diambil dari tiga lokasi (perairan Bali, Sulawesi Utara, dan Maluku Utara) dan dilakukan analisis variasi genetik dengan metode elektroforesis allozyme menggunakan 15 enzim dan mt-DNA dengan 4 enzim restriksi. Hasil penelitian ini diperoleh 4 lokus enzim polimorfik yaitu: Idh-*2 (isocitrate dehydrogenase), Gpi-2* (glucose phoshate dehydrogenase ), Mdh-1* (malat e dehydrogenase), dan Est-1* (esterase). Frekuensi alel allozyme terlihat adanya perbedaan yang nyata (Fst = 0,12; P<0,05) antar lokasi yaitu Bali (A, B, C, D), Sulawesi Utara dan Maluku Utara (A, B, C). 15 komposit haplotipe ditemukan pada populasi Bali, Sulawesi Utara, dan Maluku Utara. Haplotype diversity pada populasi Bali 0,886; Sulawesi Utara 0,790; dan Maluku Utara 0,785; dengan rata-rata dari haplotype diversity adalah 0,857. Jarak genetik dari ketiga populasi berkisar antara 0,003--0,023 (rata-rata 0,016). Populasi Maluku Utara dan Sulawesi Utara mempunyai jarak genetik terdekat yaitu 0,003. Hal ini merupakan indikator bahwa Sulawesi Utara dan Maluku Utara sering digunakan sebagai jalur migrasi dengan adanya kesamaan alel yang ditemukan pada kedua populasi tesebut, jika dibandingkan dengan populasi Bali (0,023).
Fluctuating asymmetry has been widely used as a measure of developmental stability and as an indicator of individual fish growth. The present study compared fluctuating asymmetry in three bilateral meristic traits of F-1 hybrid between female Epinephelus fuscoguttatus and male Epinephelus polyphekadion and two F-1 pure parental progenies. The fishes were reared by communal and separate tank systems. Hybrids were confirmed by allozymes electrophoresis. After three months of rearing, the F-1 hybrids fish grew faster 45.9% and 66.6% compare to the F-1 pure parental progenies of E. fuscoguttatus and E. polyphekadion (P<005) respectively. Development stability as measured by fluctuating asymmetry was lower in hybrid (20%-40%) than in the pure parental progenies (53%-80%). Among four enzyme loci examined, only Pgm locus showed variants and at that locus all hybrids fish were heterozygous. Heterozygous hybrids showed lower fluctuating asymmetry and related to higher developmental stability. The higher developmental stability positively reflected a faster growth rate. Thus this finding can be used to explain the reason that why hybrids groupers appeared grew faster than parental species.
ABSTBACTAs part of a search for biochemical genetic markers for tiger shrimp
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