ABSTRAKPiscine nodavirus sebagai penyebab penyakit VNN (Viral Nervous Necrosis) dan iridovirus merupakan jenis virus yang dikenal menjadi penyebab utama kematian ikan laut yang dibudidayakan. Virus ini mampu menginfeksi ikan dari ukuran benih sampai ukuran konsumsi dan dalam waktu dua minggu, kematian mencapai 80% sampai 100%. Pada pembenihan larva dan benih ikan dalam skala rumah tangga ataupun hatcheri lengkap di sepanjang pantai di wilayah Bali Utara sering mengalami infeksi VNN dan iridovirus Namun, informasi terjadinya infeksi belum didata dengan baik. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk memperoleh data dan informasi mengenai peta infeksi atau serangan virus pada pembudidaya/pembenihan ikan sepanjang tahun 2017 di Bali Utara. Sampling dilakukan pada bulan Februari, Mei, Agustus, dan Oktober. Di samping melakukan sampling, juga dilakukan input data dari hasil analisis sampel di laboratorium bioteknologi yang diperoleh dari pemilik hatcheri/pembudidaya ikan. Analisis VNN menggunakan metode IQ Plus sedangkan analisis iridovirus dengan metode PCR konvensional dengan primer spesifik. Parameter yang diamati adalah prevalensi VNN dan iridovirus dari setiap hatcheri dan keramba jaring apung. Sebagai data penunjang pengukuran parameter kualitas air berupa suhu, salinitas, amoniak, dan nitrit yang dilakukan pada saat pengambilan sampel benih. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat infeksi VNN di hatcheri Bali utara terjadi di bulan September sebesar 33,3% dan iridovirus pada bulan Agustus mencapai 18,61%. Sedangkan tingkat prevalensi VNN tertinggi di KJA terjadi pada bulan Oktober mencapai 83,4% dan puncak infeksi iridovirus terjadi di bulan Februari dengan nilai prevalensi sebesar 50,0%. KATA KUNCI: prevalensi; VNN; iridovirus; hatcheri; budidaya laut ABSTRACT: Infection prevalence of viral nervous necrosis (VNN) and iridovirus in hatcheries and mariculture.VNN and iridovirus are viral diseases causing the highest mortality in mariculture. These viruses are able to infect eggs, larvae, juveniles and even marketable size fish. They can cause 80% to 100% mortality in just two weeks. Larvae or fingerlings in small or big scale hatcheries in Northern Bali were frequently infected by VNN or Iridovirus. Unfortunately, information about the local disease outbreaks was not well documented. The aim of this research was to collect data and information about the infection of these viruses in hatcheries and floating net cage mariculture in Northern Bali during 2017. Sampling was conducted in February, May, August, and October, 2017. In addition to the primary data from the field activities, disease infection secondary dataset from the fish farmers who analyzed their infected fish in our laboratory were also used. The identification of VNN infection was performed following IQPlus method while Iridovirus was tested using the conventional PCR method with specific primers. The parameters observed were the VNN and Iridovirus prevalence in each hatchery and floating net cage. Water quality parameters were measured in situ such as tempera...
The natural stock of sea cucumber Holothuria scabra (known as sandfish) has been declining in both population and size, making it difficult to collect broodstock and juvenile sandfishes for aquaculture. This research aims to evaluate the reproduction of domesticated broodstock (F-1) and performance of the juveniles (F-2). Broodstock were reared in two rectangular concrete tanks with a dimension of 190 x 290 x 70 cm3. There were 12 individuals (7 males and 5 females) of broodstock (F-1) with total length and mean body weight of 12.0 ± 1.21 cm and 122.6 ± 32.37 g, respectively. Six broodstock were put in each tank and fed with compressed benthos at 4% biomass daily in the afternoon. During our experiment, domesticated sandfish broodstock successfully spawned twice. The first spawning (occurred in January 2017) had one female spawned that released 1,350,000 eggs with a hatching rate of 57.4%. Another broodstock spawned in April 2017 and produced 3,280,000 eggs with a hatching rate of 78.66%. The growth performance of 170 days-old juveniles (F-2) shows a total length of 5.66 ± 0.90 cm and a mean body weight of 10.08 ± 2.07 g. The survival rates are 5.19% and 8.68% for juveniles spawned in January and April, respectively. We conclude by showing that sandfish could be domesticated to produce seeds for further aquaculture development.
Psammophis indochinensis Smith, 1943 was reported in the eastern Java and Bali of Indonesia despite its primary geographic range being in the Indochina region. We confirm its presence in Bali based on a newly collected specimen and provide morphological and genetic data. The specimen was found in a lowland, urban areas near open grassland habitat, which confirms the distribution of P. indochinensis along the northern coast of Bali. We note some character aberrations in the supralabials compared to Thailand specimens, suggesting an extended character. The basal clade position of P. indochinensis raises the possibility of an intercontinental dispersal scenario of this African-origin snake.
Teripang pasir, Holothuria scabra merupakan salah satu komoditas perikanan yang mempunyai nilai ekonomi tinggi di Asia. Populasinya di alam semakin menurun karena aktivitas penangkapan secara berlebihan. Untuk mengantisipasi menurunnya stok teripang di alam, maka perlu segera dilakukan pengembangannya melalui kegiatan budidaya. Di samping ketersediaan benih, pakan merupakan salah satu faktor yang sangat menentukan keberhasilan budidaya teripang. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan formulasi pakan buatan yang tepat untuk mendukung pertumbuhan teripang pasir. Empat pakan percobaan dengan formula berbeda, sebagai perlakuan, dibuat dalam bentuk pelet kering. Pakan diformulasi menggunakan tepung Sargassum sp., tepung Ulva sp., tepung Gracilaria sp., yang dikombinasi dengan tepung kedelai dan tepung beras dengan proporsi berbeda. Pada percobaan-1, benih teripang (hasil pembenihan) ukuran 14,4 ± 6,5 g ditebar dalam delapan buah bak berukuran 2 m x 1 m x 0,6 m dengan kepadatan 100 ekor/bak. Teripang diberi pakan percobaan dengan frekuensi satu kali sehari selama lima bulan. Pada percobaan-2, benih teripang ukuran 7,0 ± 1,6 g ditebar dalam delapan buah keramba jaring apung berukuran 1 m x 1 m x 1 m yang diletakkan di tambak dengan kepadatan 50 ekor per jaring. Teripang diberi pakan percobaan dengan frekuensi satu kali sehari selama empat bulan. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan pakan buatan yang diformulasi menggunakan tepung Sargassum sp., tepung Ulva sp., tepung kedelai, dan tepung beras dapat mendukung pertumbuhan dan sintasan teripang pasir, baik yang dipelihara dalam bak maupun dalam jaring apung di tambak. Sintasan teripang tidak dipengaruhi oleh pakan percobaan (P>0,05). Pakan buatan dengan komposisi bahan 30% tepung Sargassum sp., 35% tepung Ulva sp., 4% tepung kedelai, dan 18% tepung beras menghasilkan pertumbuhan terbaik dan dapat diaplikasikan pada pemeliharaan teripang pasir.Sandfish, Holothuria scabra is a highly valued sea cucumber product in Asian markets. Current exploitation has reduced its wild stock to an alarming level. In order to alleviate the over-exploitation to its wild population and provide a reliable supply of market demands, the aquaculture technology of sandfish has to be developed and perfected. Feed is one of the important factors for a successful sea cucumber aquaculture, besides seed supply. The aim of this experiment was to obtain an appropriate feed formulation to support the growth of sandfish. Four experimental diets (dry pellet) were formulated using seaweed meal of Sargassum, Ulva, and Gracilaria, combined with soybean meal and rice flour, each with different proportions. In experiment-1, cultured sandfish juveniles with an initial weight of 14.4 ± 6.5 g were stocked into eight concrete tanks (2 m x 1 m x 0.6 m) with a density of 100 juveniles/tank. In experiment-2, sandfish juveniles with an initial weight of 7.0 ± 1.6 g were stocked into eight floating net cages (1 m x 1 m x 1 m) erected in a pond with a density of 50 juveniles/cage. The sandfish juveniles were fed once daily with the experimental diets for five and four months for experiment-1 and experiment-2, respectively. Results of the experiment showed that diet formulated with Sargassum, Ulva, and soybean meals and rice flour produced good growth and survival of sandfish, both reared in concrete tanks and in floating net cages. The experimental diets did not affect the survival of sandfish (P>0.05). Formulated diet containing 30% Sargassum meal, 35% Ulva meal, 4% soybean meal, 18% rice flour, and 6% ‘lap lap’ flour gave the best growth and could be applied for grow-out of sandfish.
Pemeliharaan ikan rainbow (Melanotaenia sp.) di Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Budidaya Ikan Hias selalu terjadi kematian secara bertahap mulai calon induk hingga proses pemijahan. Hal ini terjadi berulang kali sehingga ketersediaan induk Melanotaenia sp. sangat terancam. Ikan ini berasal dari Papua yang diperoleh mengandalkan penangkapan di alam. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menginventarisir dan mengidentifikasi berbagai patogen (parasit, jamur, bakteri) potensial yang menginfeksi ikan rainbow yang dipelihara di dalam akuarium berukuran 50 cm x 50 cm x 50 cm dengan sistem aliran air stagnan. Tiga jenis rainbow yang dipelihara yaitu: rainbow Sungai Salawati, asal Sungai Sawiat, dan asal Danau Kurumoi. Setiap ikan masing-masing berjumlah 100 ekor dipelihara di akuarium dengan penambahan batu karang dan tanpa penambahan karang (kontrol) ke dalam akuarium. Ikan diberi pakan sekenyangnya berupa jentik nyamuk dan cacing rambut beku setiap pagi dan sore hari. Sampling dilakukan secara random sebulan sekali dan secara unrandom setiap ada kejadian ikan sakit. Gejala klinis ikan yang sakit sebagai berikut: ikan berenang di permukaan dan menggosok-gosokkan badan di dinding akuarium, nafsu makan berkurang, gerakan berputar-putar, warna memudar menjadi putih, penekanan warna hitam pada sirip punggung dan perut meningkat, pendarahan pada perut, lendir berlebihan dan sangat berbau, serta sisik berdiri/terbuka. Diagnosa dan deteksi penyakit awal berupa pengamatan parasit baik ektoparasit maupun endoparasit, pengamatan dan isolasi jamur pada media selektif jamur, dan isolasi bakteri dilakukan untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis patogen yang menginfeksi ketiga jenis ikan rainbow. Selanjutnya dilakukan uji histologi dan analisa DNA beberapa patogen. Hasil pengamatan diperoleh patogen berupa parasit (Ichthyophthirius sp., Dactylogyrus sp., Gyrodactylus sp., dan Trichodina sp.) dan bakteri (Aeromonas hydrophila, Acinetobacter sp., Lactobacillus sp., Bacillus sp., Arachnia sp., Haemophilus sp., Cardiobacterium sp., dan Enterobacter sp.) sedangkan jamur tidak ditemukan dalam penelitian ini.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.