Lactic acid is an intermediate product of carbohydrate metabolism. Increment of plasma lactic acid level usually correlated withaerobic metabolism defect which caused by hypoperfusion or hypoxia, that can be happened in DM (Diabetes Mellitus) patients. DiabetesMellitus is a risk factor of lactic acidosis. Determination of glycated Hb (HbA1c) is a parameter to monitor the blood glucose. The aimof this study is to compare the mean lactic acid level between uncontrolled and controlled DM) patients and their correlation betweenlactic acid and HbA1c level. The research carried out by cross sectional study which was done at the Clinical Pathology Laboratory ofSardjito Hospital between September–October 2007. Inclusion criteria of samples were diabetic patients who had HbA1c examination.Statistical analysis was done by independent t test and Pearson correlation test. Twenty one patients were included in this research.They were divided into two (2) groups, group I are those who had HbA1c ≤ 7%, they consist of 10 patients, group II are patients whohad HbA1c ≥ 7.1%, they consist 11 patients. The mean of lactic acid of group I was 1.85 mmol/L and group II was 1.74 mmol/L (p = 0.574). There wasn’t any significant correlation between HbA1c level and lactic acid. (r = -0.179, p = 0.437). The mean of lacticacid level in uncontrolled DM was lower than the controlled one but not significant, and there was no significant correlation betweenHbA1c level and lactic acid. It is suggested to continue this study but with larger sample to know the correlation between lactic acid andHbA1c in DM patients who had metformin therapy.
Early diagnosis of osteoporosis is important to take early prevention and treatment. Dual energy X-ray absorbtiometry (DEXA) scan is gold standard diagnosis of osteoporosis. However, it is high technology and high cost. Biochemical marker using calcium could be developed for diagnosis of osteoporosis. The study was conducted to evaluate the correlation between serum calcium ions level as well as urine calcium and urine creatinine (UCa/UCr) ratio and Bone Mineral Density (BMD) in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. This was an observational study with cross-sectional design involving women aged 45-75 years who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Bone Mineral Density was measured using DEXA method. Serum and urine calcium ions were measured using ISE method, while serum and urine creatinine were determined using Jaffe method. Ratio of UCa/UCr were then calculated. The correlation between serum calcium ions as well as the ratio UCa/UCr and BMD of subjects were then analyzed. A total 63 subjects were involved in this study consists of 21 normal subjects, 22 subjects with osteopenia and 20 subjects with osteoporosis. Negative correlation between BMD and age (r=-0.591; p=0.001) and positive correlation between BMD and body mass index (BMI) (r=0.432; p=0.001) were observed. No correlation between serum calcium ions and BMD (r= -0.145; p=0.258), however negative correlation between UCa/UCr ratio and BMD (r=-0.310; p=0.013) were reported. Furthermore, no correlation was found between serum calcium ions and lumbar BMD (r=0.036; p=0.778), while negative correlation was found between UCa/UCr ratio and lumbar BMD (r= -0.414; p=0.001). In conclusion, there is no correlation between serum calcium ions levels and BMD, however there is a weak negative correlation between UCa/UCr ratio and BMD. ABSTRAKDiagnosis dini osteoporosis penting untuk melakukan tindakan pencegahan dan pengobatan sedini mungkin. Skaning Dual-energy X-ray absorbtiometry (DEXA) merupakan diagnosis standar emar osteoporosis. Namun demikian , metode ini perlu teknologi tinggi dan biaya mahal. Marker biokimia kalsium kemungkinan dapat dikembangkan untuk diagnosis osteoporosis. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengkaji hubungan antara kadar ion kalsium serum dan juga rasio kalsium urin/ kreatinin urin (UCa/UCr) dan Densitas Mineral Tulang (Bone Mineral Density/BMD) pada wanita perimenopause dan post menopause. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observational dengan rancangan potong lintang yang melibatkan wanita berumur 45-75 tahun yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Ion kalsium urin dan serum ditetapkan dengan metode ISE, sedangkan kreatinin serum dan urin dengan metode Jaffe untuk menghitung rasio UCa/UCr. Hubungan antara ion kalsium serum dan juga juga rasio UCa/UCr dengan BMD selanjutnya dievaluasi. Dari total 63 subjek yang terlibat terdiri dari 21 subjek normal, 22 subjek mengalami osteopenia dan 20 subjek mengalami osteoporosis. Terdapat hubungan negatif BMD dan umur 591; 62 J Med Sci, Volume 46,No. 2, p=0,001) dan hub...
Infarction stroke is a leading cause mortality and disability in the world. Appropriate management of acute infarction stroke will be able to reduced morbidity and mortality of the disease. Many laboratory parameters which can be done for detecting risk of prognosticfactors, one of them is serum uric acid concentration. The aim of this study is to know if hyperuricemia is prognostic factor for clinicaloutcome in acute infarction stroke.A prospective cohort study was carried out, compare between two groups of exposed and non-exposedgroup. Subjects who meet inclusion and exclusion criteria was involved in the study. The exposed group was a group of acute infarctionstroke patients who exposed to hyperuricemia, in other hand, patient who do not have hyperuricemia was separated as the non-exposedgroup. Inception cohort was applied when patient admits to emergency unit during 48 hours of onset, age ≥ 40 years old, man orwoman, have signed informed consent are inclusion criteria. Gadjah Mada Stroke Scale and serum uric acid concentration was measured on admission. Patient with haemorhage stroke and who are taking medicine that cause decrease uric acid are excluded. Test of serum uric acid concentration was performed by using Vitros 250, dry chemistry system. Patients were followed up 7 days in Neurology Unitand the outcome were measured by evaluating a score of Gadjah Mada Stroke Scale. Prognostic factor hyperuricemia has RR= 2.159(95% CI: 0.684-6.816), p= 0.158 for outcome. Hyperuricemia is not be evident as prognostic factor in acute infarction stroke.
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