Infectious disease is a serious health problem in the world of health. Escherichia coli causes diarrhea, Salmonella typhi causes typhoid fever, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes nosocomial infections which are Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria. Treatment with antibiotics is the therapy that is currently used, but other efforts in the use of herbal medicines are also being carried out in various studies. The purpose of this study was to analyze the antibacterial activity of the ethanolic extract of avocado leaves (Persea americana Mill.) against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The method used is agar diffusion (Kirby-Bauer) with variations in the concentration of the test solution. The results showed that at a concentration of 500 mg/mL the three bacteria had an inhibition zone diameter of Escherichia coli with a value of 12.37±0.15 mm, Salmonella typhi with a value of 11.60±0.20 mm and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a value of 10.87±0.15 mm. The ethanol extract of avocado leaves (Persea americana Mill.) showed antibacterial activity against three Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative bacterium that can cause nosocomial infections. The use of antibiotics in the treatment of non-adherent P. aeruginosa infections increases the risk of antibiotic resistance. Efforts to find new antibiotic compounds from plants continue to be carried out. Papaya leaves are widely spread among the public, which are often used as ingredients for vegetables and have antibacterial potential because they contain papain enzymes and a class of flavonoid compounds. The purpose of this study was to analyze the antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract of papaya leaves (Carica papaya Linn.) against P. aeruginosa by finding the value of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and calculating the index activity value against the positive control. The method used in this research is Kirby-Bauer (disc diffusion method) with several variations of the test concentration. The results showed that the diameter of the inhibition zone at a concentration of 500 mg/mL was in the strong category with an inhibition zone diameter of 10.87 ± 0.06 mm. MIC at a concentration of 3.125 mg/mL. The index activity value was greatest at a concentration of 500 mg/mL with a value of 0.668. So it can be concluded that the ethanol extract of papaya leaves (Carica papaya Linn.) has inhibitory activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
The avocado (Persea americana Mill.) is a fruit that is often found. This versatile fruit has many benefits for humans. The benefits of avocado are as anti-hyperlipidemic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, hypoglycemic, hypercholesterolemic, wound healing and prevent cancer. The aims of this study was to make avocado seed methanol extract into a gel preparation and to determine the effect of avocado seed methanol extract gel and at what concentration the effective treatment for wounds in mice and its comparison with Star Ag gel as a positive control. The research was conducted using an experimental method. The manufacture of avocado seed methanol exstract was carried out by maceration method using methanol as a solvent. The result of the study were statistically analyzed using One Way Anova. The result of the data analysis at a concentration of 5% obtained a sig value <0,05. Based on One Way Anova analysis of the five treatments, the most effective was avocado seed methanol extract gel with a concentration of 5%.
One of the causes of acne is due to a bacterial infection such as Propionibacterium acnes during adolescent puberty. Empirical studies of secondary metabolites contained in Cep-cepan leaves have potential as promising antimicrobials. The main objective of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of the ethanolic extract of Cep-cepan leaves formulated into a gel preparation against the bacteria Propionibacterium acnes that causes acne. This research method was carried out experimentally where the ethanol extract of cep-cepan leaves was formulated into a gel preparation consisting of (F1) control blank; (F2) 0.5%, (F3) 1%, (F4) 1.5% and positive control (Mediklin). The results of the evaluation of gel preparations at concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% were physically stable during storage at room temperature, homogeneous, and pH. Based on the results of testing the antibacterial activity of gel preparations in inhibiting bacterial growth at a concentration of 0.5% with an average inhibition zone diameter of 11.33 mm, a concentration of 1% with a value of 15.66 mm, a concentration of 1.5% with a value of 19.5 mm. The conclusion of this study is that the ethanol extract of cep-cepan leaves has promising antibacterial activity in the form of a gel formulation.
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Despite the fact that various therapeutic compounds have shown potential prevention or treatment, no specific medicine has been developed for the COVID-19 pandemic. Natural products have recently been suggested as a possible treatment option for COVID-19 prevention and treatment. This study focused on the potential of Coriander sativum L. (CSL) against COVID-19 based on network pharmacology approach. Interested candidates of CSL were identified by searching accessible databases for protein–protein interactions with the COVID-19. An additional GO and KEGG pathway analysis was carried out in order to identify the related mechanism of action. In the end, 51 targets were obtained through network pharmacology analysis with EGFR, AR, JAK2, PARP1, and CTSB become the core target. CSL may have favorable effects on COVID-19 through a number of important pathways, according to GO and KEGG pathway analyses. These findings suggest that CSL may prevent and inhibit the several processes related to COVID-19.
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