This paper deals with the modern trends in typhlotechnics in terms of quality of life for persons with visual impairment. A person with visual impairment is strongly influenced by the development of modern technologies. From the perspective of special education the support of people with visual impairment should take place not only by using the typhlotechnics, artificially made aids, but activity of the individual is equally important. The main method for the outputs of our paper selected was the analysis of foreign and local literature, mostly from the years 2008-2014. Comparison of specialized material allows the evaluation of the current state of development in the area and creation of an informational base for further research projects.
Spatial mental mapping in an individual with visual impairment can be viewed from several perspectives, as in the case of a person regarded as a bio-psycho-socio-spiritual being. We speak of mental/cognitive mapping in terms of training spatial orientation and mobility on the one hand and psychology of persons with visual impairment, i.e. the process of development of a mental map, on the other hand. An important role is undoubtedly played by lower and higher compensatory functions. Hearing, touch, and partly also smell and taste are, together with mental processes, involved in perception of information, its processing and evaluation. Information perceived through sensorial channels is processed by means of mental processes. In the context of conscious processes, perception and imagination are integral parts of research on consciousness. The paper outlines the issue of spatial mental mapping in a person with visual impairment in the context of spatial orientation and mobility through a comparison of scientific literature and present research trends.
The present paper covers numerous issues that are subject to research by neuroscientists, philosophers, psychologists, clinicians, as well as special education teachers. The main objective of the study is to achieve a deeper understanding of the phenomenon of vision loss in human beings as a changing phenomenon. One of the goals of the study is further development of a research study published The phenomenon of gradual vision loss is highly specific, and its characteristic features cannot be summarized quantitatively. The qualitative study focused on the participants' life stories. Research data were collected by means of written and oral questionnaires. The data were supported by a review of relevant documents. The data evaluation process was based on a description of the phenomena, development of clusters, recognition of patterns, and identification of associations. The final part of the study is a result of a comparison of the participants' subjective experiences. Elements of triangulation were used and a qualitative approach was followed. This study helped develop the authors' previous qualitative research. The above mentioned publication presents a comparison of cases of persons who underwent various stages of vision loss from low vision to blindness. In the present research project (Ref.No. IGA_PdF_2017_013), the authors focused on persons with gradual vision loss, i.e. those with residual vision.
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