According to the articles reviewed, osteo-induced iPSCs revealed osteogenic capability equal to or superior than MSCs; cell sources do not significantly affect osteogenic potential of iPSCs; addition of resveratrol to the osteogenic medium (OM) and irradiatiation after osteogenic induction reduce teratoma formation in animal models; transfection with lentiviral bone morphogenetic protein 2 results in higher mineralization compared to osteo-induction in OM; addition of TGF-β, IGF-1 and FGF-β to OM increases osteogenic capability of iPSCs.

No abstract

Recurrent herpes simplex virus or varicella zoster virus infection should be considered as one of the rare complications after AstraZeneca vaccination for COVID‐19.

Background The stability of the results remains a significant concern in orthognathic surgeries. This study aimed to assess the amount of relapse following mandibular advancement with/without maxillomandibular fixation (MMF). Materials and methods A single-blind clinical trial was conducted on patients with mandibular retrognathism who underwent BSSO for mandibular advancement and Lefort I maxillary superior repositioning. Patients were randomly divided into two groups of treatment (MMF) and control (no MMF). In the treatment group, MMF was performed for 2 weeks; meanwhile, MMF was not performed in the control group, and only guiding elastics were applied postoperatively. Lateral cephalograms were obtained preoperatively (T1), immediately after surgery (T2), and at 1 year postoperatively (T3). The distance from points A and B to the X and Y plane were measured to identify the amount of vertical and horizontal relapse in 1 year as a primary outcome. An independent t-test was applied in order to find differences in outcomes between the control and treatment groups. Results Fifty-eight patients were evaluated in two groups (28 patients in the MMF group and 30 in the no-MMF group). The magnitude of mandibular advancement following BSSO was 7.68±1.39 mm and 7.53±1.28, respectively, without significant difference among the groups (p= 0.68). The mean sagittal and vertical changes (relapse) at point B were significantly different between the two groups at 1-year follow-up after the osteotomy (p=0.001 and p=0.05, respectively). Conclusion According to the results of this study, patients with short-term MMF following BSSO for mandibular advancement benefit from significantly greater skeletal stability in the sagittal and vertical dimensions.

S u m m a r yWound infection has become a major medical problem in recent years. This study was conducted to evaluate the healing activity of Capparis spinosa against surgical wounds infected by Escherichia coli. Twenty male rats were divided into two groups. Excisions were created surgically on the animals' skin and then infected with E . coli. Group 1 was treated with C . spinosa while Group 2 was untreated. Wound biopsy specimens were collected on days 5, 10 and 16 and analyzed. Results showed that the hydroxyproline content in treatment group was significantly higher in various post wounding days. Protein content increased gradually in ten days. Results of histopathological studies showed moderate to intense granulation tissue formation in treated group on day 10. The histopathological studies showed, that the new epidermis in treated group was thicker than in control group on day 16 post wounding. The present study has demonstrated that ethanol extract of C . spinosa includes properties that accelerate wound healing activities. INTRODUCTIONWound is defined simply as the disruption of the cellular and anatomic continuity of a tissue. Wound may be produced by physical, chemical, thermal, microbial or immunological insult to the tissue. Wound healing is a programmed biological process that restores tissue continuity after injury and is a combination of physical, chemical and cellular events that restore the wounded tissue or replace it with collagen. Wound healing can be divided into three stages, including inflammation, proliferation and remodeling and maturation phases which involve the interaction of various cells, cytokines and growth factors [1]. The normal healing response begins immediately after the injury. When blood spills into the site of injury, the blood platelets contact with collagen and other elements of the extracellular matrix. This triggers the release of clotting factors as well as essential growth factors and cytokines such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β). The inflammatory phase begins after the migration of neutrophils to the wound site to clean the tissue. Then, fibroblasts migrate into the tissue to begin the proliferative phase and deposit new extracellular matrix. This new collagen matrix becomes cross linked and organized [2].Due to poor hygienic conditions in undeveloped and developing countries, wound infection has become a common disease in recent years [3]. Several reports associating the enterobacterium Escherichia coli with skin and soft tissue infections have been published: E . coli was found to be the causative agent of neonatal omphalitis [4], cellulitis localized to lower or upper limbs [5], necrotizing fasciitis [6,7], surgical site infections [8], infections after burn injuries [9]. A public tendency towards the use of herbal wound healers is increasing, possibly due to lower side effects and prices of herbals, compared to chemical drugs.Capparis spinosa (caper) (family Capparidaceae) is one of the most common aromati...

Summary Introduction: Delayed tendon healing is still found to be among the complications that occur most often after tendon repair. Objective: The role of local injection of Artemisia absinthium was evaluated in healing of experimental Achilles tendon injury in rabbits. Methods:. In nine adult New Zealand rabbits a partial thickness tenotomy was created on both hindlimbs. A. absinthium extract and normal saline were respectively injected daily to treatment and control groups for three days. Results: On the day 7 after injury, the tendon sections showed that healing rate in A. absinthium treated group was higher than that in control group. Furthermore, at days 14 and 28, comparison between A. absinthium treated group and control group demonstrated that A. absinthium increased the healing rate but with no significance. Conclusions: Results of this study have showed that application of A. absinthium extract can improve healing process of damaged Achilles tendon.

Background: Dental caries is one of the most common diseases during childhood. Saliva can modulate the process of decay, as a rich source of host factors. It has been shown that tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is secreted more in the saliva of individuals with active caries. No study has addressed the relationship between TNF-α levels and age or compared children's immune response at different age groups and during adolescence. Objectives: The present study aimed at evaluating the pro-inflammatory cytokine level of TNF-α in saliva and its association with caries in different age groups of children and adolescents. Methods: In this case-control study, 128 children and adolescents were divided to four age groups of 32. In each group, half of the individuals had no decay (control group) and the other half had > 4 decayed teeth (case group). Overall, 5 mL of non-stimulated saliva was spitted in sterile tubes for 15 minutes. Furthermore, 1 mL of each sample was centrifuged for five minutes at 12000 rpm. Salivary level of TNF-α was measured using the Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) standard kit. Results: A total of 79 children were studied. The mean TNF-α levels in the case group was 35.20 ± 16.23 Pg/mL and in the control group, this was 26.20 ± 6.25 Pg/mL (P value = 0.001). The mean TNF-α level was significantly higher in the age group of six to 12 years than the age group of 13 to 18 years (P value = 0.01). Conclusions: The results of this study indicated that decay plays an important role in increasing cytokine TNF-α in non-stimulatory saliva, there is no confirming evidence of the direct effect of age on immune function yet.

The present study investigated the sperm quality parameters and platelet indices in adolescent and adult varicocele rats. Twenty male Wistar rats were distributed into four groups (n = 5): I—sham adolescent group, II—sham adult group, III—varicocele adolescent group, and IV—varicocele adult group. Rats were sacrificed on the 61st day of the experiment. Sperm count (×106 ml−1), sperm motility and viability (%) were significantly (p < 0.05) different between varicocele and sham groups in adolescent and adult rats. Varicocele adults had significant (p < 0.05) lower platelet count (PLT) than sham adolescents and adults. The mean platelet volume (MPV), the MPV/PLT ratio, plateletcrit (PCT) and platelet distribution width (PDW) differ significantly (p < 0.05) between varicocele and sham groups of adolescent and adult rats. It is the first time the ratio MPV/PLT was evaluated in association with other platelet indices in adolescent and adult varicocele rats. Based on the results, it would appear these indicators can become a promising tool in varicocele diagnosis.