The approach of drug delivery systems emphasizes the use of nanoparticles as a vehicle, offering the optional property of delivering drugs as a single dose rather than in multiple doses. The current study aims to improve antioxidant and drug release properties of curcumin loaded gum Arabic-sodium alginate nanoparticles (Cur/ALG-GANPs). The Cur/ALG-GANPs were prepared using the ionotropic gelation technique and further subjected to physico-chemical characterization using attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), size distribution, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The size of Cur/ALG-GANPs ranged between 10 ± 0.3 nm and 190 ± 0.1 nm and the zeta potential was –15 ± 0.2 mV. The antioxidant study of Cur/ALG-GANPs exhibited effective radical scavenging capacity for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) at concentrations that ranged between 30 and 500µg/mL. Cytotoxicity was performed using MTT assay to measure their potential in inhibiting the cell growth and the result demonstrated a significant anticancer activity of Cur/ALG-GANPs against human liver cancer cells (HepG2) than in colon cancer (HT29), lung cancer (A549) and breast cancer (MCF7) cells. Thus, this study indicates that Cur/ALG-GANPs have promising anticancer properties that might aid in future cancer therapy.

Background:The aim of this study was to evaluate the stability of immediate implant placement for alveolar bone augmentation and preservation with bovine bone graft following atraumatic tooth extraction.Materials and Methods:This was a prospective interventional study with convenient sampling (n = 10). Thirty patients aged between 18 and 40 years, who needed noncomplicated tooth extraction of mandibular premolar tooth, were sequentially divided equally into three groups. In Group I, simple extraction was done and the empty extraction socket left to heal conventionally. In Group II, extraction sockets were filled with lyophilized bovine granules only. In Group III, immediate implants were placed into extraction sockets, and the buccal gap was also filled with bovine granules. All groups were subjected to cone beam computed tomography scan for radiological evaluation. Assessment of biomechanical stability (radiofrequency analysis [RFA] was performed at 9 months postoperative for Group III to assess the degree of secondary stability of the implants using Osstell. Repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was applied when comparing within each group at three different time intervals, whereas one-way ANOVA was applied followed by post hoc-tukey test when comparing between groups. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results:Radiological assessment reveals a significant difference of bone resorption in alveolar dimension within Group I; 1.49 mm (P = 0.002), and 0.82 mm (P = 0.005), respectively, between day 0 and 3 months. Comparison between Group I and III showed a highly significant difference of bone resorption in ridge width at 3 months 2.56 mm (P = 0.001) and at 9 months interval 3.2 mm (P < 0.001). High RFA values demonstrating an excellent biomechanical stability were observed in Group III at 9 months postoperatively.Conclusion:The insertion of immediate implants in extraction sockets with bovine bone augmentation of the buccal gap was able to preserve a greater amount of alveolar ridge volume.

The use of lyophilized demineralized bovine bone granules in socket preservation to fill in the extraction socket seems essential in preserving the alveolar bone dimension as it showed excellent soft and hard tissue healing. This study concludes that the alveolar bone socket exhibited a dynamic process of resorption from the first day of tooth extraction. Evidence shows the possibility of using bovine bone granules routinely in socket volume preservation techniques following tooth extraction.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the eff ect of Low Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound (LIPUS) on marginal bone loss and osseointegration of dental implant using Cone Beam CT (CBCT) image analysis, torque wrench and Resonance Frequency Analysis (RFA) techniques. The study sample comprised of 22 patients; who were divided randomly into two equal groups (n=11). Each patient received one dental implant placed in the maxillary premolar region. Following fi rst stage implant surgery, in Group I, LIPUS was delivered to the implant operation site for 10 weeks before loading and for another 10 weeks post loading, while in control Group II, the implant wound was allowed to heal in the conventional way. The patients in both groups were followed up at 3 months and 6 months using clinical and radiological assessments that comprised of CBCT image analysis, Torque wrench and RFA values. The peri-implant bone height and width were measured and compared at three diff erent views (coronal, sagittal and axial) using CBCT at day 0, 3 months and 6 months. Statistical analysis using repeated measure ANOVA with signifi cance level of p<0.05 was employed for the evaluation and comparison within the same group and among the two diff erent groups based on specifi c time points. There was an increase in marginal bone level in Group I at six months post-operative and marginal bone lone loss in Group II within the same time interval. The marginal bone gain in Group I was statistically signifi cant at the buccal bone plate site. In both groups, there was an increase in torque wrench and RFA values but the increase was more signifi cant in Group I (LIPUS treated) compared to control group at six months post-operative. LIPUS promote bone healing around dental implant and can be utilized as a treatment modality to save implant with questionable stability and to enhance bone regeneration and quality osseointegration

BackgroundSalivary gland diseases include a variety of conditions (inflammatory, immunological, infectious, or neoplastic pathologies). Salivary gland diseases hold the interest of clinicians and pathologists due to their varied clinical presentation and histological diversity. In this study, we aimed to assess the various aspects of clinical and pathological characteristics of salivary gland diseases. MethodologyWe reviewed the records of patients with various salivary gland diseases at

This study was aimed to produce a clinically applicable model of composite bone graft capable of treating CSBDs in the mandible with a single surgical procedure. Twelve male white New Zealand rabbits were divided into two groups: control, n=4, consisting of A (untreated) and B (BCP/FS); experimental, n=8, named C (BCP/FS) and D (BCP/FS+VEGF). A circular CSBD (8-mm Ø) was created on both sides of the mandible. Four rabbits were prepared for BCP/FS on one side of the mandible, leaving CSBD on the other side of the mandible untreated. Another set of eight rabbits with CSBDs created on both sides of the mandible was treated with BCP/FS on one side and BCP/FS loaded with 500ng/ml VEGF on the other side. Two rabbits each from the experimental group and one rabbit each from the control group were sacrificed at 14, 30, 45 and 60 days post operatively. All collected samples from CSBDs-site were subjected to micro computed tomography (µCT) and quantitative and semi-quantitative histological examinations. The results showed that the residual composite was significantly lower at 8 weeks in D (BCP/FS loaded with 500ng/ml VEGF) with more new bone formation compared with other groups. Data collected confirmed the applicability of this novel composite matrix for application in bone regeneration in CSBDs.  Index Terms-critical sized bone defects, biphasic calcium phosphate, fibrin sealant, vascular endothelial growth factor

In bone tissue engineering, angiogenesis is closely associated with osteogenesis where reciprocal interactions between endothelial and osteoblast cells play an important role in bone regeneration. Over-expression of the angiogenesisrelated gene due to a higher dose of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein can inhibit osteogenesis process at mRNA level. To study the eff ect of controlled released of the VEGF protein incorporating fi brin glue (FG) treated with fabricated porous biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) on osteogenesis gene (BMP-2) and angiogenesis gene (VEGF) on dental stem cells (DSCs) at mRNA level. DSCs were treated with two diff erent modalities; VEGF protein incorporated FG, and VEGF protein incorporated FG added-BCP treated media. The cells were harvested at four diff erent time intervals (day 3, day 7, day 10 and day 14) and were subjected to RNA isolation using the RNA extraction kit. This was followed by performing one step-reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) to amplify the osteogenesis BMP-2 gene, angiogenesis VEGF gene and the osteoblast-specifi c transcription factor expression Osterix (Osx) with and without the controlled release of VEGF protein. The RT-PCR products were then electrophoresed. The gel image was captured using Image Analyser. Controlled release of VEGF protein using FG as a natural delivery system, using a single growth factor, show a signifi cantly enhanced osteogenesis BMP-2 gene and angiogenesis VEGF gene with a high expression of Osx compare with non-delivered free VEGF protein treated groups. FG is a biocompatible material that could be employed as a delivery vehicle for controlled release of VEGF protein single or dual release in bone tissue engineering strategy and design of the study. Application of this method for using FG is mixing with a porous ceramic scaff old loading with the growth factors is a convenient and promising strategy for improving osteogenesis and angiogenesis processes of reconstruction critical-sized bone defects and might change the scope of modern surgery.

Hypoxia plays a significant role in solid tumors by the increased expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), which is known to promote cancer invasion and metastasis. Cancer-cell invasion dynamically begins with the degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) via invadopodia formation. The chemical substrates that are utilized by hypoxic cells as fuel to drive invadopodia formation are still not fully understood. Therefore, the aim of the study was to maintain MDA-MB-231 cells under hypoxia conditions to allow cells to form a large number of invadopodia as a model, followed by identifying their nutrient utilization. The results of the study revealed an increase in the number of cells forming invadopodia under hypoxia conditions. Moreover, Western blot analysis confirmed that essential proteins for hypoxia and invadopodia, including HIF-1α, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), metallopeptidase-2 (MMP-2), and Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 7 (β-PIX), significantly increased under hypoxia. Interestingly, phenotype microarray showed that only 11 chemical substrates from 367 types of substrates were significantly metabolized in hypoxia compared to in normoxia. This is thought to be fuel for hypoxia to drive the invasion process. In conclusion, we found 11 chemical substrates that could have potential energy sources for hypoxia-induced invadopodia formation of these cells. This may in part be a target in the hypoxic tumor and invadopodia formation. Additionally, these findings can be used as potential carrier targets in cancer-drug discovery, such as the usage of dextrin.