Effects of Local Delivery of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor on Biological Performance of the Composite Biomaterial Used to Accelerate Bridging of Critical-Sized Mandibular Bone Defect in Rabbit Model

Abstract

This study was aimed to produce a clinically applicable model of composite bone graft capable of treating CSBDs in the mandible with a single surgical procedure. Twelve male white New Zealand rabbits were divided into two groups: control, n=4, consisting of A (untreated) and B (BCP/FS); experimental, n=8, named C (BCP/FS) and D (BCP/FS+VEGF). A circular CSBD (8-mm Ø) was created on both sides of the mandible. Four rabbits were prepared for BCP/FS on one side of the mandible, leaving CSBD on the other side of the mandible untreated. Another set of eight rabbits with CSBDs created on both sides of the mandible was treated with BCP/FS on one side and BCP/FS loaded with 500ng/ml VEGF on the other side. Two rabbits each from the experimental group and one rabbit each from the control group were sacrificed at 14, 30, 45 and 60 days post operatively. All collected samples from CSBDs-site were subjected to micro computed tomography (µCT) and quantitative and semi-quantitative histological examinations. The results showed that the residual composite was significantly lower at 8 weeks in D (BCP/FS loaded with 500ng/ml VEGF) with more new bone formation compared with other groups. Data collected confirmed the applicability of this novel composite matrix for application in bone regeneration in CSBDs.  Index Terms-critical sized bone defects, biphasic calcium phosphate, fibrin sealant, vascular endothelial growth factor

Osteoinductive Activity of Bone Scaffold Bioceramic Companied with Control Release of VEGF Protein Treated Dental stem cells as A New Concept for Bone Regeneration: Part II

“…Unlike endochondral ossification, where blood vessels prevent the formation of cartilage, intramembranous bone formation relies on the coupling of angiogenesis and osteogenesis. VEGF has an essential role in this coupling since both vascular and skeletal morphogenesis is VEGF dependent 28,29) . Bone formation is a complex developmental process involving the diff erentiation of mesenchymal stem cells to osteoblasts 28) .…”

“…VEGF has an essential role in this coupling since both vascular and skeletal morphogenesis is VEGF dependent 28,29) . Bone formation is a complex developmental process involving the diff erentiation of mesenchymal stem cells to osteoblasts 28) . Osteoblast diff erentiation occurs through a multi-step molecular pathway regulated by different transcription factors and signaling proteins.…”

“…The Osx was discovered as a bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) induced gene in mouse pluripotent mesenchymal cells, encoding a transcription factor that is highly specifi c to osteoblasts 31) . Incorporation of porous scaff olds with carrier materials for drug-controlled release is a potential solution for the aforementioned problems 28) . This approach could improve the bioactivity of an implant and allow for the sustained release of growth factors.…”

“…In general, the localized and sustained release of growth factors allows for lower eff ective dosage than a single injection 31) . VEGF protein has been identified to have positive effects on osteogenesis and angiogenesis 28) . Appropriate dosage and release profi les are very important for optimized biomolecule delivery.…”

Enhanced Osteogenic and Angiogenic-Related Gene Expression of Human Dental Stem Cells on Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Scaffold Treated with Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor: Part I

“…DSCs have the ability to generate not only dental tissues but also bone tissues. The success of tissue engineering depends on oxygen and nutrient transport to the implanted cells 2,4) . If blood vessel formation at the transplanted tissue cannot be established rapidly, necrosis of the transplant will occur 5) .…”