The aim of this study was to determine the effect of low and moderate doses of caffeine ingestion via caffeinated coffee on repeated sprint test (RST) and plasma catecholamine concentration in trained female team-sport athletes. In a randomized, double-blind, crossover design, 13 female team-sport athletes (VO2max: 48.7 ± 4 mL·kg·min−1) completed three RST trials, separated by 4-day, 60 min post-ingestion of either 3 mg·kg−1 (LCOF) or 6 mg·kg−1 (MCOF) or placebo (PLA). The RST consisted of 12 × 4 s sprints on a cycle ergometer interspersed with 20 s of active recovery. Blood lactate (BLa) and glucose (GLU) and epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations were collected before and 60 min after coffee ingestion, and after RST. Heart rate (HR) and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured at the beginning of RST, and after the 6th and 12th sprints. Average peak power score during RST was significantly improved after LCOF (p = 0.016) and MCOF (p = 0.041) compared to PLA, but peak and mean power output of the individual sprints, and fatigue index were not different between trials (all p > 0.05). Epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations were significantly higher before and after RST in LCOF and MCOF compared to PLA (all p < 0.05). BLa was also higher after RST in both LCOF and MCOF compared to PLA (p = 0.005). HR, RPE, and GLU were not different between conditions (p > 0.05). In conclusion, low and moderate dose of caffeine ingestion can enhance the average peak power score during repeated sprints. These findings partly support low and moderate doses of caffeine supplementation via coffee as a nutritional ergogenic aid for trained female team-sport players during repeated sprint exercise.

The relationship between an athlete’s somatotype three-numeral rating and his or her athletic performance is well known. However, a direct effect of the different dominant somatotype on jumping and sprinting variables has not yet been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dominant somatotype on sport-specific explosive variables. One hundred and twelve physically active young adults (mean ± standard deviation age: 21.82 ± 3.18 years) were somatotype-rated using the Heath–Carter method. Participants were classified as balanced ectomorph, balanced mesomorph, central, mesomorph-endomorph, and mesomorphic ectomorph. Vertical jump and linear sprint tests were performed to measure peak lower body performance and sprint variables (time, speed, and momentum), respectively. The analysis revealed that balanced mesomorph had significantly higher vertical jump (effect size (ES) = 1.10, p = 0.005) and power to body mass (ES = 1.04, p = 0.023) than mesomorph-endomorph. In addition, balanced mesomorph showed significantly superior performance in 30-m sprint time and velocity than central and mesomorph-endomorph (ES range = 0.93–1, p < 0.05). Finally, balanced ectomorph (ES = 1.12, p = 0.009) and mesomorphic ectomorph (ES = 1.10, p = 0.017) were lower in sprint momentum compared to balanced mesomorphs. In conclusion, this study has shown the importance of the interaction between subtypes and athletic performance. The knowledge gained may be important in identifying those who tend to perform well in sports with explosive power and in prescribing training programs.

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Purpose: Sport is defined as regular physical activities for different purposes and it is a concept, which is aimed at satisfying the subconscious emotions of human beings, such as integrating a set of physical, psychological and mental efforts, and socializing. Nowadays, sports are becoming more and more important in terms of their place and importance in the society as well as increasing their influence on human life. Individual athletes develop in terms of physical and mental abilities. It is known that it strengthens social ties among individuals and socializes the individual in terms of its social aspect. This study was conducted to examine the life skills of individuals participating in sports activities in high schools in terms of various variables.Design/Methodology/Approach: In this study, the Effect of Sport Scale on Life Skills was used. Screening method was used in the research. The research population consists of 417 students studying in high schools in Bakırköy district of Istanbul.Findings: Sports in young people; it has been found that it has developed many life skills such as teamwork, goal setting, taking initiative, respecting other peoples, time management, cognitive skills, emotional skills, communication skills, social skills, leadership, problem solving and decision making. Highlights:The findings are discussed with previous studies and suggestions for new research are included. ÖzÇalışmanın amacı: Spor kavramı, literatürde farklı amaçlar için yapılan fiziksel aktiviteler olarak tanımlanmakla birlikte karşı tarafa üstün gelmek ve güç sahibi olmak şeklinde tanımlanabilir. Günümüzde spor, insan hayatı üzerinde etki alanını giderek arttırmakla birlikte toplumdaki yeri ve önemi açısından her geçen gün daha da önemli hale gelmektedir. Bireysel anlamda spor yapan insanlar, fiziksel ve zihinsel yetenekler bakımından gelişim göstermektedir. Toplumsal yönü itibariyle de bireyler arası sosyal bağları güçlendirdiği ve bireyi sosyalleştirdiği bilinmektedir. Bu çalışma, liselerde sportif faaliyetlere katılan bireylerin yaşam becerilerinin çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır.Materyal ve Yöntem: Bu amaçla Sporun Yaşam Becerilerine Etkisi Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada tarama yönteminden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırma evrenini İstanbul ili Bakırköy ilçesine bağlı liselerde eğitim gören 417 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır.Bulgular: Sporun genç bireylerde; takım çalışması, hedef belirleme, inisiyatif alma, başkalarına saygı gösterme, zaman yönetimi, bilişsel beceriler, duygusal beceriler, iletişim becerileri, sosyal beceriler, liderlik, problem çözme ve karar verme gibi birçok yaşam becerisini geliştirdiğine dair bulgular elde edilmiştir.Önemli Vurgular: Elde edilen bulgular literatür ışığında tartışılmış ve yeni araştırmalar için önerilere yer verilmiştir.

Background and Study Aim. In the early years when sports footwear became compulsory, the importance of shoe design was not considered in terms of athletes’ health. Since the early years of wrestling shoe use, these gears have been manufactured according to the rules of competition, and modifications have been very limited. In this regard, this study aims to determine the effect of existing wrestling shoes on foot deformation. Material and Methods. The study was carried out with the participation of 108 young male athletes who had the same training on the same ground for three years in the Wrestling Training Center. The athletes were divided into two groups, an experimental and a control group. While the control group wore wrestling shoes produced by widely used brands, the experimental group wore newly designed wrestling shoes. Foot arch values and images of both groups were determined using a podoscope device at the beginning and end of the study. The evaluations were made according to the Staheli arch index. Results. The results of the statistical analysis revealed that differences were found in the footprint measurement values of the control group. It was determined that this difference in the footprints was greater among the freestyle wrestlers. The decrease in the averages between the first and second measurement values of the group using the newly designed wrestling shoes was found to be highly positive and in a linear direction. Also, it was determined that the pain score values of the control group were higher than the scores of the experimental group after training. Conclusions. The results revealed that there were deformations in the feet of the control group wrestlers wearing available wrestling shoes. It was observed that freestyle wrestling athletes had more deformation than Greco-Roman style wrestlers, and leg pains were more prevalent after training and competitions. Based on these results, it was concluded that the design of wrestling shoes produced with today's technology needs to be redesigned.