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BackgroundThis study aimed to validate the effectiveness of the Osteoporosis Self-assessment Tool for Asians (OSTA) in identifying postmenopausal women at increased risk of primary osteoporosis and painful new osteoporotic vertebral fractures in a large selected Han Chinese population in Beijing.MethodsWe assessed the performance of the OSTA in 1201 women. Subjects with an OSTA index > -1 were classified as the low risk group, and those with an index ≤ -1 were classified as the increased risk group. Osteoporosis is defined by a T-score ≤ 2.5 standard deviations according to the WHO criteria. All painful, new vertebral fractures were identified by X-ray and MRI scans with correlating clinical signs and symptoms. We determined the sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for correctly selecting women with osteoporosis and painful new vertebral fractures.ResultsOf the study subjects, 29.3% had osteoporosis, and the prevalence of osteoporosis increased progressively with age. The areas under the ROC curves of the OSTA index (cutoff = -1) to identify osteoporosis in the femoral neck, total hip, and lumbar spine were 0.824, 0.824, and 0.776, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the OSTA index (cutoff = -1) to identify osteoporosis in healthy women were 66% and 76%, respectively. With regard to painful new vertebral fractures, the area under the ROC curve relating the OSTA index (cutoff = -1) to new vertebral fractures was 0.812.ConclusionsThe OSTA may be a simple and effective tool for identifying the risk of osteoporosis and new painful osteoporotic vertebral fractures in Han Chinese women.

Patients with T2DM had a greater risk of low-energy fracture especially of the hip, compared with that in non-diabetic subjects. However, since according to our funnel plot a publication bias may be present and due to study heterogeneity as well as the limited number of publications, the finding needs to be interpreted with caution.

The micro-/nano-structured calcium phosphate bioceramic exhibited a higher new bone substitution rate in an osteoporotic bone defect rat model.

The osteoporotic hip and vertebral fractures caused excess mortality rates in this population of Mainland China. The current diagnosis and medical treatment following the fragility fractures is still insufficient in Mainland China.

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The most important risk factors affecting subsequent fractures after vertebroplasty were osteoporosis and treated level at the thoracolumbar junction.

Bioactive surface-porous polyetherketoneketone materials (PEKK-BSP) were prepared by first leaching hydroxyapatite (HA) microsphere templates from compression molded PEKK/HA composites (i.e., PEKK-P) followed by sulfonation with 80% sulfuric acid for 3 h (i.e., PEKK-SP) and then soaking in a simulated body fluid (SBF) for 5 days. The combination of both physical and chemical processes created a surface-porous PEKK material (PEKK-SP) that had both structurally interconnected and open macropores (200–600 μm) because of templating of HA microspheres, and micropores (<10 μm) due to effects of the sulfonation. The in vitro bioactivity of PEKK-SP was demonstrated by the development of a dense layer of bone-like apatite inside and on the surfaces after SBF treatment. The sulfonation process followed SBF treatment also significantly reduced the water contact angle of PEKK material. Mechanical tests showed that both PEKK-BSP and PEKK-P were a little better than PEKK-SP in terms of compressive strength and modulus. In vitro cell culture using rabbits’ mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) demonstrated that PEKK-BSP promoted better cell growth and proliferation than other groups of PEKK materials. Moreover, compared to PEKK material alone, PEKK-BSP elevated gene expressions of osteocalcin (OCN), Type I collagen (Col-I), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2). This bioactive PEKK-BSP material has potential application for spinal interbody fusion devices to enhance their in vivo osseointegration.