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As a promising downlink multiple access scheme for future radio access (FRA), this paper discusses the concept and practical considerations of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) with a successive interference canceller (SIC) at the receiver side. The goal is to clarify the benefits of NOMA over orthogonal multiple access (OMA) such as OFDMA adopted by Long-Term Evolution (LTE). Practical considerations of NOMA, such as multi-user power allocation, signalling overhead, SIC error propagation, performance in high mobility scenarios, and combination with multiple input multiple output (MIMO) are discussed. Using computer simulations, we provide system-level performance of NOMA taking into account practical aspects of the cellular system and some of the key parameters and functionalities of the LTE radio interface such as adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) and frequency-domain scheduling. We show under multiple configurations that the system-level performance achieved by NOMA is higher by more than 30% compared to OMA.Keywords − non-orthogonal multiple access, future radio access, power-domain, successive interference canceller

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The protein p27(Kip1) regulates cell cycle progression in mammals by inhibiting the activity of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). Here we show that p27(Kip1) progressively accumulates in the nucleus of pancreatic beta cells in mice that lack either insulin receptor substrate 2 (Irs2(-/-)) or the long form of the leptin receptor (Lepr(-/-) or db/db). Deletion of the gene encoding p27(Kip1) (Cdkn1b) ameliorated hyperglycemia in these animal models of type 2 diabetes mellitus by increasing islet mass and maintaining compensatory hyperinsulinemia, effects that were attributable predominantly to stimulation of pancreatic beta-cell proliferation. Thus, p27(Kip1) contributes to beta-cell failure during the development of type 2 diabetes in Irs2(-/-) and Lepr(-/-) mice and represents a potential new target for the treatment of this condition.

For the development of new 5G systems to operate in bands up to 100 GHz, there is a need for accurate radio propagation models at these bands that currently are not addressed by existing channel models developed for bands below 6 GHz. This document presents a preliminary overview of 5G channel models for bands up to 100 GHz. These have been derived based on extensive measurement and ray tracing results across a multitude of frequencies from 6 GHz to 100 GHz, and this document describes an initial 3D channel model which includes: 1) typical deployment scenarios for urban microcells (UMi) and urban macrocells (UMa), and 2) a baseline model for incorporating path loss, shadow fading, line of sight probability, penetration and blockage models for the typical scenarios. Various processing methodologies such as clustering and antenna decoupling algorithms are also presented.