A research which identification of secondary metabolites and antibacterial activity test from methanol exstract of leaf Sungkai (Peronema canencensJack

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Research of potential antifungal Candle bush's leaf extract (Cassia alata L.) ABSTRAK Telah dilakukan penelitian yang berjudul Aktivitas Antijamur Ekstrak Daun Ketepeng Cina (C. alata L.).Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode ekstraksi secara maserasi dengan menggunakan pelarut metanol dan dilanjutkan dengan fraksinasi. Ekstrak diuji aktivitas antijamurnya dengan menggunakan metode difusi agar menggunakan paper disk dengan tingkat konsentrasi yang berbeda. Analisis uji ini dilakukan dengan mengukur diameter zona hambatan ekstrak terhadap pertumbuhan jamur. Hasil uji aktivitas antijamur menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun ketepeng cina memiliki aktivitas antijamur terhadap jamur M. furfur.

Mitragyna is a genus belonging to the Rubiaceae family and is a plant endemic to Asia and Africa. Traditionally, the plants of this genus were used by local people to treat some diseases from generation to generation. Mitragyna speciosa (Korth.) Havil. is a controversial plant from this genus, known under the trading name “kratom”, and contains more than 40 different types of alkaloids. Mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine have agonist morphine-like effects on opioid receptors. Globally, Mitragyna plants have high economic value. However, regulations regarding the circulation and use of these commodities vary in several countries around the world. This review article aims to comprehensively examine Mitragyna plants (mainly M. speciosa) as potential pharmacological agents by looking at various aspects of the plants. A literature search was performed and information collected using electronic databases including Scopus, ScienceDirect, PubMed, directory open access journal (DOAJ), and Google Scholar in early 2020 to mid-2021. This narrative review highlights some aspects of this genus, including historical background and botanical origins, habitat, cultivation, its use in traditional medicine, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicity, abuse and addiction, legal issues, and the potential of Mitragyna species as pharmaceutical products.

Endhophytes microbes are microbes that live in colonies formed in plant tissues Key words : Endhophytes, genetic transfer, biodiversity ABSTRAKMikroba Endofit adalah mikroba yang hidup membentuk koloni di dalam jaringan tanaman tanpa membahayakan tanaman inangnya. Endofit dilaporkan pertama kali pada tahun 1904. Setiap tanaman tingkat tinggi dapat mengandung beberapa mikroba endofit yang menghasilkan metabolit sekunder sebagai akibat koevolusi atau terjadi transfer genetik (genetic recombination) dari tanaman inangnya ke mikroba endofit. Endofit yang berasal dari daerah dengan biodiversitas tinggi memiliki potensi menghasilkan keanekaragaman kimiawi yang juga tinggi dan mempunyai prospek ekonomi dimasa depan.

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Selama periode tahun 2013, pelayanan kebutuhan masyarakat akan perbankan syariah semakin meluas. Hal itu tercermin dari bertambahnya kantor cabang perbankan syariah dari sebanyak 386 menjadi 407 kantor. Sementara Kantor Cabang Pembantu (KCP) dan Kantor Kas (KK) telah bertambah sebanyak 232 kantor pada periode yang sama. Secara keseluruhan jumlah kantor perbankan syariah yang beroperasi sampai dengan bulan Desember 2013 dibandingkan tahun sebe-lumnya meningkat dari 1.745 kantor menjadi 1.998 kantor (www.bi.go.id).

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an increasingly prevalent ailment worldwide. Moreover, de novo lipogenesis (DNL) is considered a critical factor in the development of NAFLD; hence, its inhibition is a promising target for the prevention of fatty liver disease. There is evidence to indicate that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) may play a crucial role in DNL and are the regulatory proteins in type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, AMPK and SIRT1 may be promising targets for the treatment of NAFLD. The present review article thus aimed to summarize the findings of clinical studies published during the past decade that suggested the beneficial effects of AMPK and SIRT1, using their specific activators and their combined effects on fatty liver disease. Contents1. Introduction 2. Data collection methods 3. De novo lipogenesis 4. AMPK 5. SIRT1 6. AMPK activators in NAFLD clinical studies 7. The SIRT1 activator, resveratrol, in NAFLD clinical studies 8. The combination of AMPK and SIRT1 activation 9. Conclusion