By the end of twentieth century and beginning of the third millenary, social entrepreneurship emerging has been
found as a completion part of commercial entrepreneurship and governmental entrepreneurship. In religious
schools, especially inspired school of Islam, noble human values and moral teaching of cooperation, Support a
suitable depth to dispose of the social entrepreneurship and goodwill action. Tradition of philanthropically alms,
Ehsan and charity are going to be dealt with in this article. Rich culture of Islam Inspired by the values of the
friendship, cooperation and voluntary participation in the various spiritual and material activities Self-sacrifice
and personal property and allocation it to public affairs and social welfare under the name of Waqf, specificity
unique Islamic almshouses or social entrepreneurship in Islamic countries. The current article with micro
antipathetic descriptive and analytical approach, dedicated to explain the Islamic and sustainable social
entrepreneurship model for development and social welfare programs

If entrepreneurship is amid jungle of theories and has many theorists, its social orientation or what is known as social entrepreneurship (SE) is amid arid land of theories and suffers under-theorizing which could be inherently stemmed from its diversely proposed definitions. To be situated in an embryonic pre-paradigmatic phase, getting to a more unanimous definition in this realm is the first step in laying a solid foundation for SE theorizing. As a pioneering study, the paper aims to investigate the epistemological foundations of SE definitions critically to propose a more convergent definition for SE. To fulfill this goal epistemological justifications for the definitional components of SE are presented. Therefore, it was necessary to rely on the relevant philosophical schools of thought in Epistemology (e.g. Empiricism, Internalism, Externalism, Verificationism and Falsificationism); first to discuss the controversies and oppositions to some components of the definitions for their exclusion and then to justify some other definitional components which are mostly accepted by the scholars for their inclusion in a final SE definition. Critical approach has helped us in specifying the maneuvering of thoughts in this field and determining the epistemological and definitional boundaries of SE. Finally, a more epistemologically-supported and justified definition was presented at the end of the paper. Moreover, one of the potential contributions of this paper could be its consensusmaking impact among SE scholars in defining SE phenomenon, which could also pave the way for future theorizing in SE. The originality of the paper lies in the application of Internalism, Externalism, Verificationism and Falsificationism concepts to SE definitions.

The internet is a medium that is soaring in polarity in almost every facet of the world and is used for a myriad of reasons by individuals, governments, universities and businesses. As far as businesses are concerned, the internet has been subject to a variety of experimentations that seek to determine the viability of using the internet to improve business practices in various industries especially in computer industry in Malaysia. One particular aspect of business is that the internet marketing has a great impact on computer industry in Malaysia. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of security and privacy information on trust & trustworthiness and loyalty in online marketing. Data were gathered from 104 respondents who are the literate Malaysian and the foreigners in Malaysia that are able to read and write and hence capable of using internet and its facilities. The results showed that there is a significant correlation between trust & trustworthiness and security and privacy information. The results also revealed that there is a significant correlation between loyalty in online marketing and trust & trustworthiness.

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship of failure attributions (stability and controllability) and service recovery justice (i.e. distributive justice, interactional justice, and procedural justice) to recovery satisfaction and the moderating relationship of service recovery justice on the link between failure attributions and recovery satisfaction in the context of airline. Data were gathered by means of a survey from airline passengers who experienced a service failure and subsequently a service recovery within the past year. The findings of this study suggest that stability and controllability have a negative relationship with recovery satisfaction. The results also indicate that distributive and procedural justices have a positive relationship with recovery satisfaction. Additionally, the results found that among service recovery justice dimensions, only distributive and procedural justice moderate the relationship between stability and recovery satisfaction. Moreover, only procedural satisfaction moderates the relationship between controllability and recovery satisfaction. Managerial implications of these findings are briefly discussed.

No abstract