Background and Objectives Diabetic neuropathy is one of the most common complications of diabetes and no suitable drug treatment has been found for this complication. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of six weeks of aerobic exercise on KIF1B protein in the sensory part of the spinal cord in rats with diabetic neuropathy. Subjects and Methods In the present experimental study, 12 male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: healthy exercise, control exercise, healthy diabetes and control diabetes. The training program included 6 weeks of running training on the treadmill in 5 sessions per week. The dorsal part of the spinal cord was analyzed as sensory neurons. Results The results showed that aerobic exercise significantly reduced blood glucose in the diabetic group compared to the control diabetes group (P=0.002), but no significant difference was observed in the weight of rats. The results also showed that a significant increase (P=0.044) in KIF1B in healthy exercise group compared to healthy control group and a significant increase (P=0.027) in KIF1B in diabetic exercise group compared to control diabetes. Conclusion The results showed that aerobic exercise increases the amount of KIF1B protein in healthy and diabetic rats, and this increase in KIF1B motor protein can improve axonal transmission and thus improve nerve function.
Introduction: Aging involves a decrease in physiological function, physical activity and nutrition that modulate body functions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a six week- swimming interval training with resveratrol consumption on apoptotic markers in the liver tissue of aged rat. Methods: In this experimental study, thirty-two 20-month aged rats weighing 350-370 g were divided into four groups of 8 rats including 1) sham, 2) training, 3) resveratrol and 4) training + resveratrol. For six weeks, groups 3 and 4 received 100 mg/kg of resveratrol supplementation dissolved in 1% methylcellulose daily by gavage, and groups 2 and 4 performed swimming training three times a week. One-way analysis of variance with Tukey's post- hoc test was used to analyze the data (p < 0.05). Results: Bcl2 Gene expression levels in the resveratrol and the exercise + resveratrol groups were significantly higher than the sham and exercise groups (p < 0.05). Bax levels in the exercise + resveratrol group were lower than the resveratrol group, and the levels in the resveratrol group were higher than the sham group(p <0.05).also Bax/Bcl2 levels in the exercise + resveratrol group were significantly lower than the exercise group(p < 0.05). Conclusion: It seems that swimming interval training with resveratrol consumption has beneficial effects on anti-apoptotic markers, however, the effect of swimming interval training on liver apoptosis in the aging is still unknown and more studies are needed in this field.
Background. Horse riding is one of the oldest sports competition in Iran held annually in provinces such as Golestan. However, the number of spectators present in these competitions is not comparable to sports such as football. Objectives. It's necessary to study the behavioral tendencies of the Spectators of horse racing and its influencing factors. Methods. It was a descriptive survey study and the statistical population included all spectators of horse racing of the Eighth Week Spring competition in Gonbad Kavoos, 2018 which included 3480 individuals. According to Cochran formula, 348 people were selected by available sampling method. Cheng et al. ( 2012) questionnaire was used for data collection of planned behavior model and Lee and Shiu (2015) questionnaire for tendency of spectator's involvement at sporting event and spectators' re-attendance questionnaire of Rio and et al (2011) were used. The internal consistencies of the questionnaires were obtained by Cronbach's which were 0.89, 0.85 and 0.78, respectively. Structural equation modeling was used to test the research model. Results. The findings showed that the effect of attitude (β = 0.23, t = 3.74), subjective norms (β = 0.15, t = 2.78) and perceived behavior control (β = 0.35, t = -5.93) were positive and significant on the tendency of involvement of spectator in Horse Racing. Moreover, the effect of attitude (β = 0.34, t = 6.55) and perceived behavior control (β = 0.04, t = 0.83) were positive and significant on the spectators' re-attendance to Horse Racing. Finally, the findings showed that the effect of subjective norms was not significant on the spectators' re-attendance (β = 0.16, t = 2.37). Conclusion. It can be concluded that the planned behavior model can be used to explain the behavioral tendencies of horse racing spectators during the Gonbad kavoos spring competition. Finally, increasing spectators' knowledge of horse racing, offering attractive and entertaining programs for spectators during competitions and developing various promotional strategies to increase involvement and a desire for Horse Racing Spectators re-attendance are suggested for these competitions.
Background Aging is associated with metabolic disorders. Although the beneficial effects of exercise and resveratrol consumption in the health of the elderly has been reported, the combined effect of intermittent swimming and resveratrol consumption on the antioxidant system in liver tissue is not clear yet. Objective This study aims to investigate the combined effect of intermittent swimming and resveratrol consumption on the expression of superoxide dismutases (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and Malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver tissue of older rats. Methods In this experimental study, 32 elder rats were divided into four groups: control, swimming, resveratrol and swimming+resveratrol. The resveratrol (100 mg) dissolved in 1% methylcellulose was administrated daily by gavage. The swimming was performed at three sessions per week. The GPx and SOD expression levels were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction method, and the MDA level was measured by ELISA method. Results The GPx level in the swimming+resveratrol group were significantly higher than in the control (P=0.001), resveratrol (P=0.04) and swimming (P=0.002) groups. MDA levels in the resveratrol (P=0.001), swimming (P=0.001) and swimming+resveratrol (P=0.001) groups were significantly lower than in the control group; in the swimming+resveratrol group, it was significantly lower than the resveratrol (P=0.001) and swimming (P=0.009) groups. Conclusion It seems that intermittent swimming and resveratrol consumption have favorable effects on improving the antioxidant defense system and lipid peroxidation in liver tissue. Therefore, it is recommended to use intermittent swimming and resveratrol to prevent liver damage in the elderly.
Background and Objectives: Iron has a substantial role in growth of children. Regarding importance of iron metabolism and the role of hepcidin in this process, we aimed to evaluate the impact of a single period of interval swimming exercise on iron storage content and plasma hepcidin level in adolescent boys. Subjects and Methods In present semi-experimental study, 30 swimmers were selected by targeted sampling, and randomly allocated into two groups (each with 15 members) of swimming interval training (13.70±0.70) and control (13.75±0.88). Training protocol included eight weeks of interval swimming exercise, three sessions (50-60 minutes) per week of swimming interval training with 60-80% heart rate reserved, and rest to training ratio 1:1. Fasting blood sampling was performed in pre-test and post-test. Paired and independent t tests were used for data analysis at significant level of P≤0.05. Results After eight weeks of training, a significant reduction was found in levels of hemoglobin (P=0.001), serum iron (P=0.008) and ferritin (P=0.012, while hepcidin level (P=0.040) showed a significant increase respective to control group. Conclusion Considering our results, eight weeks of interval swimming exercise can reduce iron storages (in physiologic levels) and increase plasma hepcidin in adolescent boys.
Maintaining cardiac rhythm and contraction -during and flowing exercise training in particularare challenges that exercise science scientists has always been facing. Therefore, the present study was conducted to examine the relationship between cardiac autonomic function after upper body exercise and total body water in men of different ages.Methods: Twenty-four active men voluntarily participated after describing the goals and stages of the study, and then divided into two groups of 12 (middle-aged and elderly). Kubios heart rate variability software was used in order to measure heart rate variability. Heart rate variability was measured at rest, during and following five and10 minutes after upper body exercise. Body composition analyzer was used to determine the total body water of the participants. To examine the changes and the relationship between the variables of the research, statistical analysis of ANOVA with repeated measures and Pearson correlation were used, respectively. Results:The results showed that in both middle-aged and elderly groups, heart rate variability decreased during and immediately after exercise compared to rest (P < 0.05), but it increased in five and 10 minutes of recovery as compared to immediately after exercise (P < 0.05). Further, significant relationships were found between heart rate variability and total body water in both middle-aged and elderly groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion:Overall, our findings showed that the heart rate variability in both middle-aged and elderly groups during and after upper body exercise is related to total body water. Therefore, it can be concluded that changes in cardiac autonomic system depend on the type of activity, the age of the participants, and the amount of total water body.
Today, market orientation plays a vital role in determining customers' needs and success of organizations. Market orientation has also influenced various organizations' measures including innovation. Therefore the aim of this research is to study the role of market orientation in innovation of bodybuilding clubs of Golestan Province. The population of this study comprised all 170 managers of bodybuilding clubs of Golestan province and the sample size was determined based on Cochran formula and stratified random selection method (119 manager). Market orientation questionnaires of Ramayah et al. (2011) and innovation questionnaires of Carmen and Maria Jose (2008) were employed for collection of study data. Smart PLS was used to analyze data and identify the effects of research variables of structural equation modeling. Results revealed that competitor orientation is not effective on innovation of bodybuilding clubs, but the effect of coordination between tasks and customer orientation on innovation of bodybuilding clubs was significant. Concerning the results, it is suggested that the managers of bodybuilding clubs of Golestan province provide more innovation by improving and developing market orientation in their clubs.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.