Background. Nowadays, employees' use of social networks at the workplace is increasing, which creates opportunities and challenges. Objectives. The current study aimed at investigating the negative consequences of the use of social networks at the workplace from the viewpoint of the employees of the sports and youth departments. Methods. The current descriptive survey was conducted on Golestan Province Sports and Youth Department consisted of 220 employees as the population. The sample was the randomly selected 141 employees based on the Cochran formula. The study employed some questionnaires to collect data, using social networks at the workplace by Barker et al., Job inattention by Zwarun & Hall, lack of time management by Landers & Callan, and ostracism of Chung & Kim. To analyze the data and identify the effects of research variables, structural equation modeling was used with the PLS software. Results. The obtained results showed that the application of social networks at the workplace had a positive and significant effect on job inattention (β = 0.42, t = 9.33). The effect of using social networks at the workplace on the lack of time management of staff was also positive and significant (β = 0.33, t = 12.94). Finally, the positive and significant effects of using social networks at the workplace was confirmed on the ostracism (β = 0.84, t = 66.98). Conclusion. According to the results of the current study, it can be concluded that the application of social networks at the workplace can have negative consequences. It is recommended that specific rules be employed regarding the use of social networks in the organizational environment of sports and youth departments.
Today, market orientation plays a vital role in determining customers' needs and success of organizations. Market orientation has also influenced various organizations' measures including innovation. Therefore the aim of this research is to study the role of market orientation in innovation of bodybuilding clubs of Golestan Province. The population of this study comprised all 170 managers of bodybuilding clubs of Golestan province and the sample size was determined based on Cochran formula and stratified random selection method (119 manager). Market orientation questionnaires of Ramayah et al. (2011) and innovation questionnaires of Carmen and Maria Jose (2008) were employed for collection of study data. Smart PLS was used to analyze data and identify the effects of research variables of structural equation modeling. Results revealed that competitor orientation is not effective on innovation of bodybuilding clubs, but the effect of coordination between tasks and customer orientation on innovation of bodybuilding clubs was significant. Concerning the results, it is suggested that the managers of bodybuilding clubs of Golestan province provide more innovation by improving and developing market orientation in their clubs.
Background. Horse riding is one of the oldest sports competition in Iran held annually in provinces such as Golestan. However, the number of spectators present in these competitions is not comparable to sports such as football. Objectives. It's necessary to study the behavioral tendencies of the Spectators of horse racing and its influencing factors. Methods. It was a descriptive survey study and the statistical population included all spectators of horse racing of the Eighth Week Spring competition in Gonbad Kavoos, 2018 which included 3480 individuals. According to Cochran formula, 348 people were selected by available sampling method. Cheng et al. ( 2012) questionnaire was used for data collection of planned behavior model and Lee and Shiu (2015) questionnaire for tendency of spectator's involvement at sporting event and spectators' re-attendance questionnaire of Rio and et al (2011) were used. The internal consistencies of the questionnaires were obtained by Cronbach's which were 0.89, 0.85 and 0.78, respectively. Structural equation modeling was used to test the research model. Results. The findings showed that the effect of attitude (β = 0.23, t = 3.74), subjective norms (β = 0.15, t = 2.78) and perceived behavior control (β = 0.35, t = -5.93) were positive and significant on the tendency of involvement of spectator in Horse Racing. Moreover, the effect of attitude (β = 0.34, t = 6.55) and perceived behavior control (β = 0.04, t = 0.83) were positive and significant on the spectators' re-attendance to Horse Racing. Finally, the findings showed that the effect of subjective norms was not significant on the spectators' re-attendance (β = 0.16, t = 2.37). Conclusion. It can be concluded that the planned behavior model can be used to explain the behavioral tendencies of horse racing spectators during the Gonbad kavoos spring competition. Finally, increasing spectators' knowledge of horse racing, offering attractive and entertaining programs for spectators during competitions and developing various promotional strategies to increase involvement and a desire for Horse Racing Spectators re-attendance are suggested for these competitions.
Background. Today, online shopping has become one of the most important components of modern marketing that had both positive and negative consequences for customers. Objectives. The purpose of present research was to study the consequences of fear of identity theft in sport products online shopping from the perspective of physical education students. Methods. The present study is a descriptive-correlational survey and its statistical population includes all physical education students of Golestan province universities that 384 students were selected through available sampling as the statistical sample of the study. To collec research data, Hille et al (2015) fear of identity theft questionnaire, Chen et al (2015) perceived risk questionnaire and Chou & Hsu (2016) willingness to online shop questionnaire were used. Validity of the questionnaires was verified by 8 masters of sport management and internal consistency of questionnaires by using Cronbach's alpha was determined respectively 0.86, 0.78 and 0.81. To analyze the data and identify the effects of research variables, structural equation modeling was used in the PLS software. Results. The result showed that fear of losing money in the customer has a positive and significant effect on perceived risk. The effect of fear of credit damage in the customer on perceived risk was positive and significant. Finally, the results showed that the effect of perceived risk on the physical education students' willingness to online shopping was negative and significant. Conclusion. According to the results of the study, increasing awareness of physical education students about the selling rules of sports websites and increasing the security of sport products websites in order to reduce consumers' fears and concerns are suggested.
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