Eine Anzahl von Mikroorganismen, die zum Großteil aus infizierten Penicillin-Ansätzen bzw. -Testen isoliert worden waren, wurde auf ihre Fähigkeit, Penicillinase zu bilden, untersucht. Bei allen Organismen, die sich als penicillin-resistent erwiesen hatten, konnte einwandfrei intra- oder extrazelluläre Penicillinase festgestellt werden. Zum raschen Nachweis der Penicillinase-Bildung von Mikroorganismen werden zwei Kulturmethoden beschrieben.
Since Landsteiner and Wiener (1940–41) discovered the Rh factor in 85 per cent of the white population, the knowledge of this new blood factor and its antibody has claimed an outstanding interest. It may be recalled that on the one hand accidents occur following repeated transfusions of Rh-positive blood into Rh-negative individuals, as Wiener and Peters (1940) first pointed out. On the other hand, Levine and his co-workers (1939 to 1942) demonstrated that accidents may be caused by the very first transfusion of blood of the homologous group when Rh-positive blood is used in Rh-negative intra- or post-partum patients. Here isoimmunization from the foetus in utero is responsible for the formation of Rh antibodies in the mother. Finally, Levine, Katzin, and Burnham, Levine and Polayes (1941) observed that the majority of women giving birth to infants with erythroblastosis foetalis are Rh-negative and develop antibodies against the Rh factor, the baby being Rh-positive.
speaking from the bacteriological standpoint, said that experiments made so far proved that it was impossible to make any organism which was susceptible to penicillin, penicillinfast. There was no reason to believe that penicillin acted in the same way as did the sulphonamides, so that the experiment suggested by Lloyd Jones and Maitland was to be recommended.One matter which was not known was the clinical level of penicillin which was efficient. All efforts to determine this had failed, and the level which was used and which was found as the result of bacteriological examination-and the blood level of penicillin could be determined only by bacteriological examination-was empirical. Investigation in the United States of America had shown that levels undetectable in the blood by means of bacteriological examination were nevertheless clinically effective and efficient. It would seem that to give these massive doses of penicillin, although the excretion was completed after 8-10 hours, would ensure that for many hours penicillin was present, although undetectable, and was doing some good in the body.Work was being done on similar lines in other diseases and similarly good results were being obtained. It would seem that these 3-hourly or 4-hourly injections were given because a high blood level was expected, but that it might be unnecessary with penicillin.
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