Two globoseries antigens (antigens borne on carbohydrate chains containing globoside), SSEA-3 and SSEA-4, were found on the red cells of the majority of people, but were absent from cells of rare p and P^k individuals which lack globoside. In addition, SSEA-4 was absent from red cells of Luke(-) individuals which nevertheless express the P antigen (globoside) and SSEA-3. The name LKE is proposed for the red cell antigen detected by the Luke serum and by MC813-70, the monoclonal antibody defining SSEA-4. Among the LKE+ individuals, a few showed relatively weak expression of the antigen and were grouped separately as a LKE weak (LKEw) phenotype. Using MC813-70, the frequencies of the 3 phenotypes LKE+, LKEw and LKE- in an English donor population are 0.914, 0.072 and 0.014, respectively.
Summary The blood of a Puerto Rican, of a West Indian Negress and of several members of a Baltimore Negro family is described. The red cells of these people are apparently of the phenotype i and their serum contains anti‐I. The samples differ somewhat from that of the English i donor of Jenkins et al. (1960): their red cells are not quite so weak in I antigen and the anti‐I in their serum is more restricted in range. The anti‐I in the serum of the Puerto Rican is outstanding because it contains what may be called a pseudo anti‐A1. None of the five anti‐I sera described in this paper agglutinates cord cells. I seems to be a graded character, in this respect somewhat like H; its possible relationship to other systems is discussed. The Baltimore family provides the first evidence that the I antigen is under genetic control. Résumé Les auteurs décrivent les sangs d'un portoricain, d'une femme de race noire de l'Inde occidentale et de plusieurs membres d'une famille de race noire de Baltimore. Les érythrocytes de ces personnes sont vraisemblablement du phénotype i et leur sérum contient de l'anti‐I. Ces sangs diffèrent quelque peu de celui du donneur anglais de phénotype i décrit par Jenkins et al. (1960): la contenance en anti‐gène I e leurs érythrocytes n'est pas aussi faible et l'anti‐I présent dans leur sérum se révèle avoir un champ d'activité de moindre importance. En outre, l'anti‐I du sérum du sujet portoricain présente la particularité de contenir ce que Yon peut appeler un pseudo anti‐A1. Aucun des cinq anti‐I décrits clans ce travail n'agglutine les érythrocytes provenant du sang du cordon. L'antigène I semble être un caractere se manifestant à des degrés de force diverse, comme l'antigène H; les auteurs discutent des rapports possibles de cet antigène avec les antigènes d'autres systèmes. La famille de Baltimore apporte pour la première fois la preuve que l'antigène I est conditionné selon les lois de la génétique. Zusammenfassung Die Blutproben eines Spenders aus Puerto Rico, einer westindischen Negerin und diejenigen einer Negerfamilie aus Baltimore werden beschrieben. Die Erythrozyten dieser Individuen weisen offensichtlich den Phänotypus i auf; ihr Serum enthält Anti‐I‐Antikörper. Die Blutproben zeigen gegenüber derjenigen des englischen von Jenkins et al. (1960) beschriebenen Spenders gewisse Unterschiede. Der Gehalt an I‐Antigen dieser Zellen war nicht ganz so gering wie beim erwähnten englischen Spender. Auch war der Wirkungsbereich ihrer Anti‐I‐Seren geringer als beim englischen Spender Als Besonderheit enthielt das Anti‐I‐Serum des Spenders aus Puerto Rico eine Antikörperfraktion, welche als Pseudo‐Anti‐A1 zu bezeichnen ist Keines der 5 in dieser Arbeit erwähnten Seren vermochte Nabel‐schnurerythrozyten zu agglutinieren Beim I‐Antigen handelt es sich ähnlich wie beim H‐Antigen um eine Blutgruppeneigenschaft, die in den Erythrozyten in wechselnder Stärke enthalten ist. Die Familie aus Baltimore bot erstmals einen Hinweis dafür, daß das I‐Antigen genetisch determiniert ist
Summary The red cells of an English blood donor, Mr. M., are of the phenotype i: the anti‐I which is present in his serum is presumably a “naturally occurring” antibody for he has never been a recipient. The red cells of Mr. M. are extraordinarily weak in their reaction with anti‐H and anti‐O sera but not unusual in any other respect. The antigen I is but feebly developed at birth, judged by the weak reaction of cord cells with anti‐I. The red cells of Mr. M. enabled the antibody in the serum of each of the eight available cases of acquired haemolytic anaemia of the cold antibody type and the antibody previously called “non‐specific cold agglutinin” to be identified as anti‐I. Résumé Les érythrocytes d'un donneur de sang britannique, Monsieur M., sont du phénotype i: l'anti‐I présent dans son sérum est probablement un anticorps «naturel», éant donné que cette personne n'a jamais reçu de sang. Les érythrocytes de M. M. réagissent d'une manière extrêmement faible avec les séra anti‐H et anti‐O, mais d'une manière normale avec les autres anti‐sera. L'anti‐I réagissant faiblement avec les érythrocytes du sang du cordon, les auteurs en déduisent que l'antigène est faiblement développé à la naissance. Dans huit cas d'anémie hémolytique acquise par auto‐anticorps du type froid, les auteurs ont pu mettre en évidence, grâce aux érythrocytes de M. M., des anticorps spécifiques anti‐I, initialement déterminés comme éant des «agglutinines froides non spécifiques». Zusammenfassung Die Erythrozyten eines englischen Blutspenders, Mr. M., weisen den Phänotypus i auf. Da er nie eine Bluttransfusion erhalten hat, handelt es sich bei dem in seinem Serum enthaltenen Anti‐I‐Anti‐körper höchstwahrscheinlich um einen «natürlichen» Antikörper. Die Erythrozyten von Mr. M. zeigen außergewöhnlich schwache Reaktionen mit Anti‐H‐ und Anti‐O‐Seren; ihr serologisches Verhalten entspricht sonst in jeder Hinsicht der Norm. Das I‐Antigen ist zur Zeit der Geburt nur schwach ausgeprägt; Nabelschnurerythrozyten zeigen mit Anti‐I‐Seren nur schwach positive Reaktionen. Mit Hilfe der Erythrozyten von Mr. M. gelang es zu zeigen, daß die in Seren von 8 Patienten mit erworbener hämolytischer Anämie enthaltenen Kälteagglutinine sowie die üblicherweise als «unspezifische Kälteagglutinine» bezeichneten Antikörper eine Anti‐I‐Spezifität aufweisen.
Summary. The lack of the very common red cell antigen Ena is a rare recessive character. En(a‐) cells are further unusual in having only about 33% of the normal amount of sialic acid and in having an electrophoretic mobility about 60% of normal. These abnormalities adequately explain other peculiarities of En(a‐) cells: their weak MN antigens, their ability to be agglutinated, though suspended in saline, by appropriate incomplete Rh antisera, and their preferential agglutination by certain seed extracts and non‐immune animal sera. Ena is antigenic in rabbit as well as in man: an attempt to stimulate in a rabbit an antibody specific for En(a‐) cells did not succeed. The locus responsible for Ena is shown to be genetically independent of the loci for ABO, MNSs, Rh, Duffy and haptoglobins and not to be X‐ or Y‐linked. En(a+) hetereozygous cells show some of the changes of En(a‐) cells, in a modified but recognizable way. The physicochemical background and the nature of the genetic defect in this unusual blood group system are discussed.
The agglutination patterns have been established for the reaction between 29 monoclonal antibodies with specificity for the Rh antigen D and red cells of D categories IIIa, IIIc, IVa, IVb, Va, Vc, VI and VII, which are known to lack certain epitopes on the D polypeptide. Six different agglutination patterns were recognized and interpreted to indicate the recognition of seven different epitopes. These epitopes are termed epD1 through to epD7. The separate existence of epD6 and epD7 is deduced from previous observations in inhibition studies using purified 125I-labelled antibodies; they cannot yet be distinguished in agglutination tests. The number of epitopes lacking from cells of each category varied between two and five. As all the antibodies agglutinated cells of categories IIIa, IIIc and VII and cells of categories II, IIIb and Vb were not available, it is probable that there are epitopes other than the seven presently recognized. Eighteen out of the 29 antibodies which were examined recognized epitopes epD6/7 and it is suggested either that antibodies recognizing these epitopes predominate in polyclonal anti-D sera, or that the lymphocytes producing these antibodies are preferentially selected during establishment of cell lines.
Since 1953, when Argall, Ball and Trentelman [l] reported an example, it has been realized that rare people exist who have the antigen D on their red cells and anti-D in their serum. It was assumed that these people lack some part of the normal D and that they have made antibody t o the missing part.The subject has been studied and reviewed b y Unger and Wiener [8,9,10,11, 121 who name component parts of what we call the D antigen A, B, C and D and indicate missing components by small letters, for example Rhlc, Rh,cd, Rh,b, etc.
The reaction pattern of monoclonal anti-D with category DII cells differed from those of other category D cells. DII cells express epD1, epD2, epD3, epD5, epD6/7 and epD8 but lack epD4 and a new epitope epD9. The new epitope, epD9, is proposed to explain the failure of some monoclonal anti-D (previously considered to be anti-epD3) to react with DII cells.
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