During the last decade of the 20th and at the beginning of the 21st century there was a need for a higher level of understanding of the climate system and development of opportunities to prevent climate change and, first of all, understanding of dangerous natural hydrometeorological phenomena. The research of the latter is based on contemporary ideas of the theory of climate whose main concepts found their further development in the study of changes and fluctuations of the today's climate. For its climatic characteristics the South of Ukraine is considered as a separate region. This is due to not only the influence of the Black Sea but also to the specific features of the atmospheric circulation. Precipitation is one of the most important characteristics of humidification and appears to be the most variable meteorological value both in space and time. According to the results of modern studies the amount of precipitation within the territory of Ukraine and its individual regions was changing at the end of the 20th century and this change is still observed at the beginning of the 21st century. Therefore, the purpose of this scientific study is to determine the peculiarities of the spatio-temporal distribution of atmospheric precipitation in the territory of the Odesa Region over the recent decades. To complete this task we used statistical methods of processing the output information which included time data for 00, 06, 12 and 18 hours. Based on peculiarities of the structure of the long-term course of atmospheric precipitation in the territory of the Odesa region the following five regions were defined: southern, northwest, northern, eastern and coastal. Using the integral Fourier transform we managed to determine probable periodic oscillations (quasi-two-month, quasi-three-month, half-year and quasi-ten-month ones). This article presents the main results of one of the sections of the research work "Forecasting of dangerous meteorological phenomena over the southern regions of Ukraine" which is performed at the Department of Meteorology and Climatology of the Odessa State Environmental University.
In the paper the review of the meteorological research in Ukraine at the end of the 20-th century – the beginning of the 21-th century was made. Researches in the field of meteorology are performed mainly by the Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute of the State Service of Emergencies of Ukraine and National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Odessa State Environmental University (OSENU) and Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv (TSNUK). The studies of UkrHMI scientific schools headed by well-known scientists in the field of meteorology were devoted to the development of new theories, methods, models in the field of the weather forecasting and dangerous situations in Ukraine, radiation balance, agrometeorology, climate researches in the Ukraine, numerical modeling of cloud physics and active effects on clouds, numerical methods in analysis and forecast of natural and technogenic processes in the atmosphere. In OSENU, where two scientific schools are established, the scientists study the formation of severe weather and its forecast, diagnose and forecast mesoscale atmospheric circulations, identify nonlinear interaction between the main global structures, detect the features of circulation processes in high latitudes of the southern hemisphere, conduct systematic studies in the field of numerical modelling of physics and dynamics of atmospheric processes with the Enviro-HIRLAM and HARMONIE models. Scientists of TSNUK study changes in the total column ozone amount in the atmosphere of Antarctic Region and the mid-latitudes of Northern Hemisphere. The work on analyzing the state of climatic parameters and changing the current climate of Ukraine is being carried out at the KNU.
Over the recent decades the research efforts associated with the atmosphere intensified due to the increasing urgency of the problem of global climate change and the impact of anthropogenic factors thereon. Atmospheric moisture, its phase state and moisture exchange play a significant role in the formation of weather and climate. The article analyzes modern circulation conditions over the territory of Transcarpathia in winter over the period from 2007 to 2016 when strong and very strong precipitation was formed. Using the typification of weather processes over a given region and taking into account the elementary circulation mechanisms (the EСMs) proposed by B. L. Dzerdzeevskyi, V. M. Kurgan and Z. M. Vitvytska the most probable atmospheric processes and types of synoptic situations that create conditions for extreme precipitation in the Transcarpathian region were identified. According to observation data from 9 hydrometeorological stations, 30 hydrological stations and 15 automated hydrometeorological stations extreme precipitation series for three winter months were obtained. The following objective analysis data of the US National Center for Atmospheric Prediction (NCEP) and National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) were used for calculating the blocking indicators: geopotential fields at the level of 500 hPa. According to the research period, precipitation of ≥ 20 mm / 12 h were more often recorded in December (47 %), and year-wise – in 2011, that is, unevenly over time. Precipitation of 30 mm / 12 h (37 cases from 66 - 56,1 %) formed only as a result of type 6 synoptic processes – cyclonic circulations with great atmospheric pressure gradients. Strong precipitation in Transcarpathia is much more often associated (75,7 %) with ECM 11 and ECM 12 types. The highest repeatability of hazardous precipitation is observed in December and associated possibly with blocking anticyclones. As an example, the article describes the situation over the period from 22 to 26 December, 2009 when the maximum amount of precipitation per day was recorded: 82 mm at the Ust-Chorna and Rusʹka Mokra meteorological stations, December 26, 2009. Azor and Arctic blockings may contribute to stationing of the blocked southwest and northwest cyclones and formation of intense and long-term precipitation and other extreme weather phenomena over the orographically inhomogeneous territory of Transcarpathia.
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