This paper presents a spatiotemporal analysis of the dynamics of heavy and extreme snowfalls in the Transcarpathian region during 1990-2019. Data on snowfalls are obtained from the observation points of the state hydrometeorological network of the Transcarpathian Regional Center of Hydrometeorology. Also there are data included from the Pozhezhevska snow avalanche station (Ivano-Frankivsk region) as a representative observation point for the highland zone of the eastern part of the Transcarpathian region. The analysis took into account the date of snowfall, the amount of precipitation that fell during the snowfall,l and its duration. The recurrence of different indicators of snowfall distribution was calculated for each observation point separately for the specified thirty-year period. Some results were mapped by the isolines using kriging interpolation. Spatio-temporal heterogeneities and regularities in the distribution of heavy and extreme snowfalls have been revealed.
Over the recent decades the research efforts associated with the atmosphere intensified due to the increasing urgency of the problem of global climate change and the impact of anthropogenic factors thereon. Atmospheric moisture, its phase state and moisture exchange play a significant role in the formation of weather and climate. The article analyzes modern circulation conditions over the territory of Transcarpathia in winter over the period from 2007 to 2016 when strong and very strong precipitation was formed. Using the typification of weather processes over a given region and taking into account the elementary circulation mechanisms (the EСMs) proposed by B. L. Dzerdzeevskyi, V. M. Kurgan and Z. M. Vitvytska the most probable atmospheric processes and types of synoptic situations that create conditions for extreme precipitation in the Transcarpathian region were identified. According to observation data from 9 hydrometeorological stations, 30 hydrological stations and 15 automated hydrometeorological stations extreme precipitation series for three winter months were obtained. The following objective analysis data of the US National Center for Atmospheric Prediction (NCEP) and National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) were used for calculating the blocking indicators: geopotential fields at the level of 500 hPa. According to the research period, precipitation of ≥ 20 mm / 12 h were more often recorded in December (47 %), and year-wise – in 2011, that is, unevenly over time. Precipitation of 30 mm / 12 h (37 cases from 66 - 56,1 %) formed only as a result of type 6 synoptic processes – cyclonic circulations with great atmospheric pressure gradients. Strong precipitation in Transcarpathia is much more often associated (75,7 %) with ECM 11 and ECM 12 types. The highest repeatability of hazardous precipitation is observed in December and associated possibly with blocking anticyclones. As an example, the article describes the situation over the period from 22 to 26 December, 2009 when the maximum amount of precipitation per day was recorded: 82 mm at the Ust-Chorna and Rusʹka Mokra meteorological stations, December 26, 2009. Azor and Arctic blockings may contribute to stationing of the blocked southwest and northwest cyclones and formation of intense and long-term precipitation and other extreme weather phenomena over the orographically inhomogeneous territory of Transcarpathia.
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