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Sanded wood surfaces contain irregularities caused by both the sanding process and the anatomy, so the anatomical roughness, which is independent of any machining operation, must be excluded from measurements of surface irregularities if the processing roughness is to be properly evaluated.This paper investigates the effect of wood anatomy on surface roughness parameters of oak and spruce wood after sanding with P120 sandpaper. The wood anatomy is excluded from the roughness profile using a method developed by Gurau (2004). Total roughness parameters, which contain both the processing irregularities and the wood anatomy, are compared with processing roughness parameters. The effect of anatomy is to increase measures of roughness, particularly for oak.