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[1] Methacrolein (MAC) and methyl vinyl ketone (MVK), two major first-generation products in the oxidation of isoprene, play important roles in tropospheric chemistry. However, little is known about their heterogeneous fate. Here we investigated the heterogeneous reactions of MAC and MVK on particles of silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ), the major constituent of mineral dust in the troposphere, under simulated tropospheric conditions. We first investigated the adsorption and desorption processes. It was found that MAC and MVK molecules were adsorbed onto the surface of SiO 2 particles by van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonding forces in a non-reactive state, and the presence of water vapor did not result in the formation of new substances but could decrease the adsorption ability by consuming isolated hydroxyl groups on the surface of SiO 2 particles. The initial adsorption and desorption rates, initial uptake coefficients, and adsorption concentrations at equilibrium were determined at different relative humidities. Notably, in the desorption process, a considerable amount of MAC or MVK molecules remained on SiO 2 particles in dry air but were almost completely desorbed in high-humid air. We also investigated the heterogeneous ozonolysis of MAC and MVK adsorbed onto SiO 2 particles, determining product yields at different relative humidities. The heterogeneous ozonolysis of MAC and MVK adsorbed onto SiO 2 particles yielded formaldehyde and methylglyoxal as the major secondary carbonyl products and formic acid and acetic acid as the major organic acid products, as in their gas-phase ozonolysis. However, the yield of two major organic peroxides, methyl hydroperoxide and hydroxymethyl hydroperoxide, was much greater in their heterogeneous ozonolysis than in their gas-phase ozonolysis. The mechanisms of heterogeneous ozonolysis of MAC and MVK onto the SiO 2 surface are deduced.

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We have reported an effective method to enhance the efficiency of graphene-on-Si (Gr/Si) Schottky junction solar cells by co-doping of graphene with Au nanoparticles (NPs) and HNO3. Both Au NPs decoration and HNO3 treatment lead to p-type doping of graphene, and their combination is confirmed to be a more effective approach for achieving the higher work function and enhanced electrical conductivity of graphene. Consequently, the power conversion efficiency of Gr/Si solar cells is increased by 2.6 times, with a maximum value of 10.20%. This work suggests that the co-doping might be a promising way to realize high performance Gr/Si solar cells.

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