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A new antibiotic, naphthyridinomycin, was isolated in crystalline form from the culture filtrate of Streptomyces lusitanus AY B-1026. The antibiotic is active against a large number of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, and inactive against Candida albicans, Trichophyton granulosum and Microsporum gypseum. The antibiotic is toxic in mice. A new strain of streptomycete was isolated from a Easter Island (Rapa Nui) soil sample. Cultures of this microorganism were found to produce marked antibacterial activity and to bring about strong morphological changes in Escherichia coli. The active principle was isolated

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A number of polya~nidines, N-substit~~ted amitlines, and diamidines were prepared for evaluation as bacteriostats. N, XI-Bis-(3.4-dichlorobenzyl j-sebacan~idine dih ydrochloride was the most active compound prepared in this investigation.Coinpounds with uilsubstituted arnidine groups have been employed as chemotherapeutic agents (1) but there have been relatively few investigations of N-substituted amidines. Some bacteriostatically active N-substituted rnonoainidines were found (2) t o be too toxic for use in guinea pig infections. A series of N,N1-bis-(a1l;yl)-adipamidines and -sebacamidiiles has been patented (3) for use in disinfectant compositions, and high bacteriostatic activity has been claimed (4) for a number of polymeric a~nidiiles which were obtained by the reaction of diiininoethers with diamiiles. These polymers were highly toxic (5). T h e preparatioil and bacteriostatic evaluatioil of a number of N-substituted amidines, alkylenediainidiiles, aryleilediacetamidines, and soine new polyamidine hydrochlorides are described in the present paper.The n~onosubstituted monoamidii~es (Table I) were prepared by reaction of arnines with iminoether hydrochlorides, while the condensation of amines with imidic chlorides was the most convenient method for the preparation of N,Nf-disubstituted mono-,