This paper reviews the quality changes that occur towards the food products during the frozen storage period. This research aims to determine the significant physical and chemical changes that had occurred onto the frozen foods. Indeed, refrigerated storage is the easiest way to preserve food within short handling time. Based on the observation, it was discovered that the kinetics reactions help to establish computer-aided quality, prediction models. In certain food products, the negative impact of temperature indicated the need for a thorough evaluation of the quality parameters of individual's kinetics reaction. In general, a reasonable temperature to store food is-18 °C for most frozen foods, and this will retain the quality of commercial storage.

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This study was done to evaluate clinical usefulness of cystatin C levels of serum and urine in predicting renal impairment in normoalbuminuric patients with type 2 diabetes and to evaluate the association between albuminuria and serum/urine cystatin C. Type 2 diabetic patients (n = 200) with normoalbuminuria (n = 45), microalbuminuria (n = 83) and macroalbuminuria (n = 42) were enrolled. Creatinine, urinary albumin levels, serum/urine cystatin C and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR by MDRD (Modification of Diet in Renal Disease) and CKD-EPI (Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration] equations)) were determined. The cystatin C levels of serum and urine increased with increasing degree of albuminuria, reaching higher levels in macroalbuminuric patients (p < 0.001). In multiple regression analysis, C-reactive protein (CRP), sex, albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) and eGFR affected serum cystatin C. Urine cystatin C was affected by triglyceride, age, eGFR and ACR. In multivariate logistic analysis, cystatin C levels of serum and urine were identified as independent factors associated with eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 estimated by MDRD equation in patients with normoalbuminuria. On the other hand, eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 estimated by CKD-EPI equation was independently associated with low level of high-density lipoprotein in normoalbuminuric patients. The cystatin C levels of serum and urine could be useful markers for renal dysfunction in type 2 diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria.

Over the past years, there has been a remarkable development in the diagnosis and control of asthma. However, despite the development, there are still problems facing people infected with it, classified as a chronic disease. Over 50 cytokines have been identified in asthma and COPD, but their role in the pathophysiology of these complex airway diseases is often unclear. Genetic studies have proved that multiple genes are involved in asthma and these genes code for cytokines. In the present work, the expression levels of Interleukin 4 and Interleukin 17 have been examined with real-time reverse transcriptase PCR. It was found that when compared with normal controls, the expression levels of these cytokines were increased to folds in asthmatic patients. As these cytokines along with other cytokines, interact and result in symptoms of asthma, regulation of these cytokines will provide therapy for asthma. It was found that the levels of these pro-inflammatory cytokines were elevated in the case of asthma patients as compared to controls. This gives evidence that therapy against these cytokines can assist in asthma treatment. Contribution/ Originality:In the present work, the expression levels of Interleukin 4 and Interleukin 17 have been examined with real-time reverse transcriptase PCR. It was found that when compared with normal controls, the expression levels of these cytokines were increased to folds in asthmatic patients.

The present work aimed to review ten species of Ficus which is belong to the Moraceae family.  In total, 36 articles were reviewed by using the online search engine PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science.  Ten species of Ficus were searched for phytochemicals documentation, which resulted in 250 secondary metabolites and 400 different compounds. Alkaloids compounds such as liriodenine and lysicamine, terpenes, steroids, and flavonoids were found to have anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, and other biological activities.  Most Ficus species contain secondary metabolites compounds with different types of application. This mini-review provides insights on Ficus’s phytochemical compounds and their importance as medicinal properties.

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The effect of the synthesis technique on the shape and size of Ag-NPs has been reported. Ag nanoparticles has been produced by using two techniques, green synthesis and microwave-assisted green synthesis methods (MSGS), respectively. The current research was included to use a stabilizer and reducing agents from natural sources to get the non-toxic and environmentally friendly product, via using Melia dubia (neem) (M. dubia) and fish scales collagen (FsCol). The nanoparticles of Ag was portrayed by using Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD). Two different absorbance peaks were noticed in UV-vis and located at 454 nm silver nanoparticles-1 (AgNPs-1) and 446 nm silver nanoparticles-2 (AgNPs-2). SEM was shown two different shapes rod (AgNPs-1) and spherical (AgNPs-2 shapes. EDX confirmed the presence of Ag as a single element at 3 KeV. FTIR was shown fictional groups that were surrounded by silver nanoparticles C2H2 C=O, N-H groups was an indication. XRD was shown thus that the AgNPs formed in this modern prepared are crystalline with two different sizes 120.20 and 84.30 nm, corresponding to AgNPs-1 and AgNPs-2. The Z-average in DLS for AgNPs-1 has been shown average size at 437.8 nm while AgNPs-2 was shown 121 nm in its size.