This paper presents simple (SEMA) and differential (DEMA) electromagnetic analysis attacks on an FPGA implementation of an elliptic curve processor. Elliptic curve cryptography is a public key cryptosystem that is becoming increasingly popular. Implementations of cryptographic algorithms should not only be fast, compact and power efficient, but they should also resist side channel attacks. One of the side channels is the electromagnetic radiation out of an integrated circuit. Hence it is very important to assess the vulnerability of implementations of cryptosystems against these attacks. A SEMA attack on an unprotected implementation can find all the key bits with only one measurement. We also describe a DEMA attack on an improved implementation and demonstrate that a correlation analysis requires 1000 measurements to find the key bits.
A dual-band dual-polarized massive MIMO antenna array is presented for maritime communications and sensing applications in the 5.1 and 5.9 GHz bands. Passive elements are introduced in the array to achieve a low gain pattern variation in both bands. The optimal element spacing is studied, relying on the impact of mutual coupling and the radiation performance of the embedded elements. The topology of the MIMO array is also studied based on the systemlevel performance. The array was prototyped, validating the proposed concept.
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