Organizational trust and organizational commitment are considered as the most important entraining factors for organizational success. The most important factor in the formation of organizational commitment is trust that employees have in their organizations. In this study, the relationship between organizational trust and organizational commitment was searched. For this purpose, 176 sports employees of Provincial Directorate of Youth and Sports in Turkey were applied "organizational trust scale" developed by Omarov [33] as well as "organizational commitment scale" developed by Meyer and Allen [26]. The data obtained as a result of the research were analyzed by SPSS 20.0 software program and the results were presented. As a result, it is remarkable that emotional commitment of male employees was more than that of female employees. Trust of participants in director positively affected emotional and normative commitment. It was also determined that trust of participants in their colleagues and organizations positively affected normative (commitment to worth and targets of the organization) commitment. It was concluded that organizational trust positively affected organizational commitment in sports employees.

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In this study was to examine the body composition, flexibility, balance and concentration characteristics of dance exercise. Total of 268 university students whose average age was 20.59 ±1.59 years were included. Height measurements, body weight measurements, flexibility measurements, balance test, concentration test of the students who had dance courses (the experimental group) and those who did not have dance courses (the control group) were provided twice, at the beginning of and at the end of the study as pre-test and post-test. Frequency analyses, descriptive statistics, and paired t-test were used. There were significant differences between pre-test and post-test scores of body weight, BMI, flexibility, balance, concentration among the students doing dance exercises (the experimental group). There were no significant differences between pre-test and post-test scores of body weight, BMI, concentration among the students not doing dance exercises (the control group) but there were significant differences in flexibility and balance scores.

KeywordsAim: The purpose of this study was to investigate body composition and body image of women doing CrossFit, Pilates and Zumba exercises.

ÖZETBu çalışmada, bayan ve erkek futbolcuların kişilik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi ve bedenlerini algılama düzeylerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmanın, ilk aşamasında sporculara kişilik kavramlarını değerlendirmek ve bireyin kendisi hakkındaki düşüncelerini öğrenmek amacıyla Giessen Testi-Ben Formu uygulanmış, daha sonra sporcuların Beden imgesi yapısının self-tutumsal yönlerini değerlendirmek için geliştirilen Çok Yönlü Beden-Self İlişkileri Ölçeği (MBSRQ) kendini değerlendirme formu kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin değerlendirilmesinde SPSS 10,0 istatistik programı kullanılmıştır. Normallik sınamasına göre, normal dağılıma uyan veriler için bağımsız gruplarda t testi, normal dağılıma uymayan veriler için ise Mann-Whitney U testi uygulanmıştır.Yapılan istatistiksel analizler sonucunda; bayan ve erkek futbolcuların kişilik kavramları ve kendini değerlendirme açısından birinci ve üçüncü scalada anlamlı farklılıklar olduğu tespit edilmiştir (p<0.05). Erkek futbolcuların, çekici olmayan, sevimsiz, kendi istediğini yapamayan, güzel görünmeye değer vermeyen bir yapıya sahip oldukları belirlenirken bayan futbolcuların çekici, sevimli, istediğini yapabilen, güzel görünmeye dikkat eden bir yapıya sahip oldukları belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, erkek futbolcuların kontrolsüz, para harcamada kontrolsüz, düzensiz rahat oldukları belirlenmiş fakat bayan futbolcuların kontrollü, para harcamada kontrollü, düzenli, rahat hareket edemeyen bir yapıya sahip oldukları belirlenmiştir.Bayan ve erkek futbolcuların beden algısının cinsiyet değişkeni açısından anlamlı farklılık olduğu belirlenmiştir (p<0,05). Görünüşü Değerlendirme, Görünüş Yönelimi, Fiziksel Yeterliliği Değerlendirme, Fiziksel Yeterlik Yönelimi, Sağlık Değerlendirmesi ve Beden-self ilişkileri bakımından istatistiksel olarak farklılık vardır. Bu karşılaştırmalarda bayanların Görünüş Değerlendirme, Görünüş Yönelimi, Fiziksel Yeterliliği Değerlendirme, Fiziksel Yeterlik Yönelimi, Sağlık Değerlendirmesi ve Beden-self ilişki puanları erkeklerden daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Kişilik, Benlik, Beden İmgesi, Cinsiyet, Futbol. THE RESEARCH OF THE LEVEL OF MALE AND FEMALEM FOOTBALLERS PERCIEVING THEIR OWN CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES AND BODIES ABSTRACTIn this study, the determination of male and female footballers' characteristic features and the perception of their own bodies were aimed at. In the first part of the study, Giessen test-Ben form was applied to the footballers to evaluate the characteristic concepts and learn the thoughts of the individual about him/herself. After that, multi-purpose body-self relation quantity (MBSRQ) self evaluation form was used to evaluate the body image structure of footballers' self mannered sides.

Extreme sports are sport branches which include actions, adventures, risks and difficulties more rather than other sports. Special materials are used in sport branches such as surfing, kite surfing, sailing, snowboarding, paragliding, diving, mountaineering, motor sports and adrenaline release is more rather than in other sport branches. On the contrary, the situation for being eager to seek excitement and take risks with a view to having new experiences has been observed. It has been considered whether sensation seeking requirement and risk-taking behavior had effects upon each other. The aim of the study was to analyze sensation seeking and risk-taking behavior in extreme athletes. Total 101 extreme athletes including 31 females, 70 males with an age average of 22.03 ± 6.77 participated in the research. In order to determine athletes' sensation seeking levels, "Arnett Inventory of Sensation Seeking" developed by Arnett (1994) and in order to determine their risk-taking behavior, "Risk Involvement and Perception Scale" developed by Siegel et al. (1994) were used. In evaluation of research data, frequency analysis, independent t test, in determination of relation between risk-taking and sensation seeking, correlation test were utilized.In conclusion, significant differences were found in risk-taking behavior, sensation seeking requirement and gender variable among the extreme athletes. In the male athletes sensation seeking requirement and risk-taking behavior had higher averages than the female athletes. Among the extreme athletes, significant relations were determined between risk-taking behavior and sensation seeking requirement. When risk-taking behavior values were high, sensation seeking requirement values were regarded to be high.

The purpose of this study was to investigate senses of sexism and religiosity in terms of sports variable. Totally 192 university students including 121 males and 71 females with an average age of 21.72 ± 1.90 voluntarily participated in the research. "Ambivalent Sexism Inventory" was used in order to measure the attitudes of students participated in the research towards sexism whereas "Religiosity Scale" was used to determine their sense of religiosity. For the assessment of the results, frequency, t-test and correlation statistical processes were carried out. As a result; a significant difference was found between individuals doing and not doing exercises in terms of their sexism and religiosity levels. A significant difference was also found between hostile sexism, benevolent sexism and benevolent patriarchy attitudes of individuals doing and not doing exercises. It was determined that average of hostile sexism, benevolent sexism and benevolent patriarchy attitudes of individuals doing exercises was higher than that of individuals not doing exercises. A significant difference was determined between hostile sexism, benevolent sexism and heterosexual intimacy properties in terms of gender variable. It was observed that hostile sexism property of females was lower than that of male participants. On the other hand, benevolent sexism property of females was higher than that of male participants. A significant difference was not found between doing exercises variable, gender variable as well as religiosity variable, however, a positive relationship was found between religiosity and benevolent sexism, heterosexual intimacy, benevolent, supplementary attitude towards genders. As the level of religiosity increases, the average of benevolent sexism, heterosexual intimacy, benevolent patriarchy, supplementary attitude towards genders also increases.

Football, is a universal sport with most audiences all around the world. Considering footballers, managers, trainers, audiences involved in football sector referees’ emotional situations, life stress, decision making skills have become important in football environment. The aim of the study was to analyse stress, self-confidence and decision-making skills in football referees. In the study 145 football referees having an age average of 25.88 ± 4.24 participated. In order to determine football referees’ stress levels, “Perceived Stress Scale” developed by Cohen, Kamarck and Mermelstein (1983) and to find out decision-making skills, “Melbourne Decision-Making Scale I-II” developed by Mann et al. (1998) were applied. In evaluation of data Pearson correlation test and Independent t test were done.As a result; significant relations were found between stress, self-confidence and decision-making in football referees. A significant relation was determined between football referees’ self-confidence and decision-making skills. In football referees a meaningful difference was also found between stress level and gender variable. It is apparent that the female football referees’ stress perceptions were higher rather than the male football referees. ÖzetFutbol, dünyada da en fazla seyircisi olan evrensel bir spordur. Futbol sektörü içinde bulunan futbolcu, yönetici, çalıştırıcı, seyirciler düşünüldüğünde hakemlerin futbol ortamı içinde duygu durumları, yaşadığı stres, karar verme becerisi de önemli hale gelmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, futbol hakemlerinde stres, özgüven ve karar verme becerisini incelemektir. Araştırmaya yaş ortalaması 25.88 ± 4.24 olan 145 futbol hakemi katılmıştır. Futbol hakemlerinin stres düzeylerini belirlemek için Cohen, Kamarck ve Mermelstein (1983) tarafından geliştirilen “Algılanan Stres Ölçeği”  ile karar verme becerilerini belirlemek için Mann ve diğerleri (1998) tarafından geliştirilen “Melbourne karar verme ölçeği I-II” uygulanmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde Pearson korelasyon testi ve Bağımsız t testi yapılmıştır.Sonuç olarak; Futbol hakemlerinde stres ile özgüven ve karar verme arasında anlamlı ilişki bulunmuştur. Hakemlerin özgüven ile karar verme becerisi arasında anlamlı ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Futbol hakemlerinde stres düzeyi ile cinsiyet değişkeni arasında anlamlı farklılık bulunmuştur.  Kadın futbol hakemlerinin stres algılarının erkek hakemlerden yüksek olması dikkat çekicidir.