Corona virus disease (COVID-19) has crippled life, families and oral health care delivery. Hence, we assessed the impact of dental pain, fear of COVID-19 and psychological distress during lockdown on the oral health related quality of life of individuals visiting a tertiary dental care center during COVID-19 pandemic. Cross sectional study conducted among patients between 18-60 years. Demographics, access to pain killers, dental care (yes/no), duration ( 15 days) and intensity of pain were self reported. Fear of COVID-19 was assessed using fear of corona virus scale (FCV-19S); psychological distress in the last 30 days and oral health related quality of life was evaluated. Oral examination was performed and dental caries status (DMFT) was assessed using the world health organization method. Univariate and multivariate regression analysis was conducted to evaluate significant predictors and 5% was set as level of significance. 2966 patients visited our dental emergency due to painful decayed tooth between March-June 2020. Mean age was 42.7 years, 53.97% were males and most common cause of painful teeth was upper right third molar (7.7%). 73.4% reported lack of pain medication; 95% reported closure of dental clinics close to home. Almost 79% suffered from dental pain for more than 15 days. Higher self reported pain (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.36-14.71), >15 days of suffering from pain (OR 6.8; 95% CI 2.18-23.14), greater fear of COVID-19 (OR 4.14; 95% CI 1.98-16.07) and psychological distress (OR 4.41; 95% CI 1.09-16.76) were associated with poorer OHRQOL of adults during COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings strongly suggest that COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacts the mental and oral health of individuals affecting their overall health.

Introduction: The structure and size of gallbladder, it's normal and a variation are forming an interesting field of study, and has gained importance Anatomically and Surgically. The gallbladder surgeries have drawn the attraction of surgeons because of lot of interesting and numerous variations present in them. Materials and Methods: The study was carried on 100 gallbladder from cadavers of all age groups. Results: In our study, the length of the gallbladder ranged from 4.5-11.6 cm, breadth from 2.7-5.2 cm. The shapes of the gallbladder varied from pear (82.85%), Hartman's pouch (7.14%), cylindrical (2.86%), flask shaped (2.86%), hour glass (1.43%), bilobed (1.43%) and irregular (1.43%). Some gallbladders with mesentery (1.30%) and horizontally placed (4.30%) gallbladders were also found. Conclusion: The indings showed various anatomical variations pertaining to shape and position, which are to be taken into account for radiological study, Investigative procedures, surgical interventions, clinical implications and comparative anatomy.

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Objective This article explores the problem of developing pathologies in the retromolar region. Findings can serve a framework for disease prevention and for the improvement of the quality of life of patients. The present study aims to justify the possibility of utilizing morphometric methods to foresee problems in the eruption of third molars. Materials and Methods A comprehensive morphometric study of the lower jaw and facial skeleton involves 100 skulls of Homo sapiens to identify the anatomical causes of problems with wisdom teeth eruption. All said skulls are divided in two groups: I: skulls with intact dentition; II: skulls with impacted third molars. Results This work allows detecting abnormalities in the eruption of the third molar with high probability of success. The abnormalities in point are considered not only those associated with the generally accepted parameters but also those that occur in the leptoprosopic face cases. Conclusions Face type and the structural features of the facial skeleton play a significant role in the abnormal eruption of the lower third molar.

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