A study of the clinico-anatomical variations in the shape and size of gallbladder

Nadeem, Gulrez

doi:10.4322/jms.082714

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…A study conducted by Nadeem in UAE reported bilobed gallbladder in 2% of its cases. 24 Septate gallbladder was noted in 4.1% of our cases, a finding that is in concordance with Blumberg, Spech et al, where the incidence of septate gallbladder was also 4%. 25,26 A study conducted in Turkey by Zehra and her colleagues reported variations in the course of the pancreatic duct.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

A study of the anatomic variations of the pancreatico-biliary system in Palestine: a national study

et al. 2019

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Background: The objective of this study is to assess the frequency of anatomic variations of the biliary system in the Palestinian population in patients undergoing MRCPs.Methods: For a period of 3 years, from March 2016 to January 2019, a total of 401 MRCPS were performed in different Palestinian Medical Centers for different indications. 346 Images were included in the study. Images were evaluated independently by two expert radiologists for the presence of variations in the anatomy of gallbladder, cystic duct, common bile duct, pancreatic duct, pancreas and intrahepatic ducts.Results: About 78% of the images had normal anatomy of Intra-hepatic ducts. Right posterior duct joining the right anterior duct by its lateral side was observed in 12.6% of images and triple confluence in 8.5% of images. About 12% of the gallbladder images have anatomical variation; multi-septate in 4.1% of images and ectopic in 3.7% images. For the cystic duct, it was abnormally low in 9.6% of images and high in 5.3% of images. The cystic duct was found parallel in 2.3% of images. Variations of the pancreatic duct were evident in 3.9% of the images.Conclusions: anatomical variations of the pancreatico-biliary system are common and they are worth the attention to prevent major complications during hepatobiliary surgeries.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

A study of the anatomic variations of the pancreatico-biliary system in Palestine: a national study

et al. 2019

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“…The measurements of the gall bladder and its shape reported by different authors are summarized in Table 2.The results of the present study are similar to that of the previous authors. [5][6][7][8][9] Cholecystomegaly has been reported in a number of disorders such as diabetes (because of an autonomic neuropathy) and after truncal and selective vagotomy. The gallbladder also becomes larger than normal during pregnancy, in patients with sickle hemoglobinopathy, and in extremely obese people.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14 The external variations of the gall bladder of the present study are compared with that of the previous authors. [5][6][7]9,15,16 ( Table 3). The variations of the present study in the form of folded neck (6%), folded fundus (Phrygian cap) (4%), hartmann's pouch (8%) closely correlates with that of the previous studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most common operative procedures performed on biliary tract is cholecystectomy. 5 Anatomic variations of gall bladder & biliary tract are important during any operative procedures because failure to recognize them may lead to inadvertent ductal ligation, biliary leaks and strictures after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. 6 The present study describes the different anatomic variations of human gall bladder and its clinical importance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study of anatomic variations of human gall bladder and its clinical importance

Tiwari¹

2020

IJCAP

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Introduction: One of the most important and commonly performed surgeries in the abdominal region is the surgery of gall bladder. Hence it is desirable for the surgeons who are operating in the region of gall bladder and biliary tract to know the possible variations in the anatomy of gall bladder that can be confronted. The present study describes the anatomic variations of gall bladder and its clinical importance. Materials and Methods: 50 gall bladder specimens procured from embalmed human adult cadavers of both sexes available in Anatomy Department of MVJ Medical College, Bangalore were studied. The different parameters studied were the measurements of gall bladder which included its length & breadth, shape, position & external variations. Results: The mean length and breadth of the gall bladder was found to be 6.79 cm& 2.81 cm respectively. The various shapes of the gall bladder noted were pear shaped (52%), flask shaped (28%), cylindrical (12%), irregular (4%) and hour-glass (4%). In 49(98%) specimens, the position of gall bladder was beneath the right lobe of the liver. Gall bladder was intrahepatic in position in 1 (2%) specimen. The external variations of gall bladder observed in 9(18%) specimens were in the form of folding of the neck, folded fundus (phrygian cap) & hartmann's pouch. Conclusion: The knowledge of the possible anatomic variations of the gall bladder is of utmost significance to radiologists who should detect them preoperatively using special radiological procedures and to surgeons during laparoscopic cholecystectomy to reduce the incidence of post-operative complications.

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“…It incidence is estimated between 1% and 3.33% of the specimens. [2,3] Stasis distal to the constriction probably contributes to calculus formation and may provoke cancerous alteration. Cholecystectomy is clearly indicated in cases where calculi are present and may also be justified in those with significant biliary symptoms and radiological documentation of this abnormality.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%