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Agriculture is one of the main sources of anthropogenic greenhouse gases on the earth, but it also serves as a carbon sink, which has great potential for greenhouse gas absorption. Based on the scientific calculation system of carbon emissions and carbon sinks in agriculture, we calculated the carbon emissions and carbon sinks of agriculture using data from Hotan Prefecture for the period 1999-2014. The results showed that the net carbon sink (total carbon sinks and total carbon emissions) showed a stable increase trend in Hotan during 1999-2014. The carbon sinks level of agriculture in Hotan prefecture is more than three times of that in China and more than two times that in Xinjiang. Thus, the agricultural carbon sinks function of Hotan is obvious. To realize sustainable agricultural development and to transform agricultural carbon sinks into the power to promote regional economic development, we established the ecological compensation mechanism of agricultural carbon sinks from the aspects of the main body of compensation, compensation principle, compensation method, and compensation standard within the premise of the ecological function of carbon sinks in agriculture. We use the net carbon sinks amount multiplied by the unit price of carbon sinks to obtain the amount of agricultural carbon sinks compensation in this paper. Compensation methods include government compensation and market compensation. Government compensation mainly comprises financial, material, policy, and technical compensation. Market compensation mainly uses the carbon trading platform to compensate for the net carbon sinks of agriculture.

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Three types of spatial function zoning is an effective measure for regional environmental protection and orderly development. For ecological and economic coordinated development, spatial function zones should be divided scientifically to clear its direction of development and protection. Therefore, based on ecological constraints, a beneficial discussion would be about the key ecological function areas adopting the concept of ecological protection restriction and supporting socioeconomic development for spatial function zoning. In this paper, the researchers, taking Tacheng Basin, Xinjiang of China as an example, choose township as basic research unit and set up an evaluation index system from three aspects, namely, ecological protection suitability, agricultural production suitability, and urban development suitability, which are analyzed by using spatial analysis functions and exclusive matrix method. The results showed that: 1) This paper formed a set of multilevel evaluation index systems for three types of spatial function zoning of the key ecological function areas based on a novel perspective by scientifically dividing Tacheng Basin into ecological space, agricultural space, and urban space, which realized the integration and scientific orientation for spatial function at the township scale. 2) Under the guidance of three types of spatial pattern, the functional orientation and suggestions of development and protection was clearly defined for ecological protection zones, ecological economic zones, agricultural production zones, and urban development zones. 3) A new idea of space governance is provided to promote the coordinated and sustainable development between ecology and economy, which can break the traditional mode of thinking about regional economic development, and offers a scientific basis and reference for macro decision-making.

Green development is a new mode to solve the contradiction between agricultural development and ecological protection in the new era. It is very urgent to improve agricultural green development level of the restricted development zones because of its special status in safeguarding national agricultural products and ecological security for countries worldwide. From a new perspective of agroecosystem symbiosis, this study makes dynamic comparative analysis of agricultural green development level between 2013 and 2018 by constructing multi-dimensional evaluation index system from green production, green innovation, green eco-protection and green economy. The results indicated that:(1) on the whole, the agricultural green development level in Yili River Valley shows an upward trend, but that of most counties belong to the low-and medium-level; (2) the spatial heterogeneity of agricultural green development are more obvious, showing the characteristics of high in the northwest and low in the southeast; (3) by clustering analysis with the comprehensive evaluation matrix of green agriculture, there exist three types of agricultural development: "High level-High benefits", "High level-Low benefits" and "Low level-Low benefits", presenting an unbalanced development state. On this basis, according to the existing problems and the advantages for development of Yili River Valley, this study proposed the green empowerment path of agro-ecosystem symbiosis based on protecting ecological chain and promoting value-added chain, which has broad prospects for promotion and application in similar restricted development areas.

High-quality development is the theme of China’s economic and social development in the new era, the only way to build a powerful tourism economy, and also the objective demand to solve the practical problems and promote the transformation and upgrading of tourism. However, problems such as inefficient operation, environmental pollution, and slow industrial upgrading have become prominent in the development process of China’s tourism industry in recent years, in which a gap exists with the realization of high-quality development goals. Therefore, scientific control of the gap and deviation between the actual development level and the high-quality development goals of tourism is helpful for promoting the green and sustainable development of regional tourism. This study, taking the Taihu Lake Basin as an example, made a systematic and comprehensive evaluation of the spatial-temporal pattern of high-quality development mismatch of tourism from 2010 to 2019, using the health distance model to analyze its spatiotemporal evolution characteristics, and combining the obstacle degree model and qualitative comparative analysis of fuzzy set to analyze its influencing mechanism. The empirical results show that: (1) the mismatch degree of high-quality development of tourism in the Taihu Lake Basin shows a downward trend, and the regional imbalance is prominent, showing polarization characteristics; (2) among the six systems, only the green system and the cultural and tourism resource system are in the matching type, the dominant system of mismatch type is different in each city, and it shows the characteristics of the transformation from external environmental obstacle to internal environmental obstacle in the process of transition from mismatch type to matching type; (3) the spatiotemporal pattern of high-quality development mismatch of tourism is the result of six systems working together, in which the innovative development system is the core driving force, the coordinated development system is the potential driving force, the green development system is the direct driving force, the open development system has the guiding function, the shared development system is the external driving force, and the literature and tourism resource system is the basic driving force. Therefore, the paper puts forward three types of combination paths and corresponding suggestions that can promote the transformation and upgrading of tourism and achieve coordinated development of the Taihu Lake Basin.

Based on the up-to-date observations and five sets of high-resolution climate projections under RCP4.5 over East Asia using a regional climate model, this study defines building climate zones over China and assesses their past and future changes according to an established climate classification scheme. The five-model ensemble captures the observed general distribution of climate zones, with a distinct latitudinal pattern over the densely populated eastern China, a subarctic zone in the western mountains including the Tibetan Plateau and a cool dry zone in the Tarim and Turpan basins; large disparities are found in northwestern China due to warm and dry biases. Observational data identifies a recent northward shift of most climate zones in eastern China and a shrinking of the subarctic climate zones over the Tibetan Plateau, which caused a building climate zone change for 18% of the country’s land area. As the warming continues in the future, the five-model ensemble projects additional climate zone changes influencing 43% and 55% of the country by mid- and late-century, respectively. In addition, the total area of the subarctic zone is projected to decrease from 16.6% of the country in present-day climate to 9.2% and 7.4% in the mid- and late-century, respectively, and that of the hot or very-hot climate zone is projected to expand from 4.2% to 9.1% and 11.3%, respectively. These changes should be taken into consideration in long-term development planning related to urbanization, energy efficiency, and environmental sustainability.

Abstract:With industrial integration accelerating in domestic and foreign enterprise, industrial integration is becoming the only way for regional development to break through its bottleneck. Compared with advanced foreign enterprises, there exists a significant gap in regional industrial integration, especially in the urban agglomeration of the energy chemical industries of Urumqi-Changji-Shihezi in Xinjiang. Findings from field visits and quantitative analysis show that the energy chemical industry in urban agglomeration is in a state of dispersed distribution, serious convergence in industrial structure, low level of specialization, and weak collaborative relationships. These issues seriously hamper the sustainable development of urban agglomeration. Specific actions aimed at these problems and the development bottleneck mainly include the integration of industrial parks in the central city and integration orientation on the level of urban agglomeration. Only by speeding up the pace of industry integration can Urumqi-Changji-Shihezi's urban agglomeration maintain and improve its market competitiveness. Accordingly, it can promote innovation and sustainability in the energy chemical industry and improve the overall level of development.