GaN based high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) have demonstrated extraordinary features in the applications of high power and high frequency devices. In this paper, we review recent progress in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs, including the following sections. First, challenges in device fabrication and optimizations will be discussed. Then, the latest progress in device fabrication technologies will be presented. Finally, some promising device structures from simulation studies will be discussed.
Low HDL levels during sepsis are associated with increased risk of sepsis-associated AKI, and/or subsequent decreased eGFR. These results suggest that HDL may be involved and/or may be a marker of kidney injury during and after sepsis.
Cardiac hypertrophy is closely associated with a series of cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure and sudden death in particular. An in-depth comprehension of the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy will improve the diagnosis and therapy of cardiac hypertrophy. It has been acknowledged that long noncoding RNAs/microRNAs (lncRNAs/miRNAs) are crucial regulators in diverse biological processes, including various cardiovascular diseases, in multiple manners. Nevertheless, the biological roles of lncRNA UCA1 and miR-184 in cardiac hypertrophy are scarcely reported. In this paper, qRT-PCR analysis exhibited that lncRNA UCA1 was highly expressed in mice heart treated with transverse aortic constriction (TAC) and the cardiomyocytes treated with phenylephrine (PE). On the contrary, miR-184 was downregulated under the same conditions. In addition, it was deduced that lncRNA UCA1 was reversely related with miR-184 in PE-triggered hypertrophic cardiomyocytes, confirmed by the Spearman correlation analysis. The knockdown of UCA1 or the overexpression of miR-184 lessened the enlarged surface area of cardiomyocytes and the elevated expressions of fetal genes (ANP and BNP) induced by PE. Later, it was determined that miR-184 was a direct target of UCA1, whereas the mRNA HOXA9 was a target of miR-184. Rescue assays indicated that UCA1 promoted the progression of cardiac hypertrophy through competitively binding with miR-184 to enhance the expression of HOXA9.
Ge-on-Si structures with three different dopants (P, As and B) and those without intentional doping were grown, annealed and characterized by several different material characterization methods. All samples have a smooth surface (roughness < 1.5 nm), and the Ge films are almost entirely relaxed. B doped Ge films have threading dislocations above 1 × 10 8 cm −2 , while P and As doping can reduce the threading dislocation density to be less than 10 6 cm −2 without annealing. The interdiffusion of Si and Ge of different films have been investigated experimentally and theoretically. A quantitative model of Si-Ge interdiffusion under extrinsic conditions across the full Ge x range was established including the dislocationmediated diffusion. The Kirkendall effect has been observed. The results are of technical significance for the structure, doping, and process design of Ge-on-Si based devices, especially for photonic applications.
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