Yogurt from Xinjiang, China, is a traditional Chinese fermented food rich in beneficial microorganisms, such as Lactobacillus plantarum KSFY06. In this study, the effect of KSFY06 on oxidative aging was investigated using live animal experiments. Molecular biological methods were used to analyze the serum and tissues of mice with oxidative aging induced by d-galactose, which showed that KSFY06 can inhibit the decline of heart, liver, spleen, and kidney caused by aging. The KSFY06 strain increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) in serum and liver of aging mice, while the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) is reduced. Pathological observation showed that KSFY06 alleviated damage to the liver, spleen, and skin of oxidative aging mice. qPCR showed that, at high dose (2 × 10 9 cfu/kg per day), KSFY06 upregulates copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1), manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), catalase (CAT) mRNA expression, and its downstream inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA expression in liver and spleen tissues induced by d-gal. To a certain extent, these findings indicate that L. plantarum KSFY06 is able to protect against oxidative stress in the dgal-induced aging model. In conclusion, L. plantarum KSFY06 may provide a potential research value in the prevention or alleviation of related diseases caused by oxidative stress. K E Y W O R D Saging, Lactobacillus plantarum KSFY06, mice, oxidation
Wushan Shencha (Malus doumeri leaf) is a unique tea‐like drink. Herein, the effect of flavonoids from Wushan Shencha (FWSSC) on carbon tetrachloride‐induced liver injury was studied. The serum and liver tissues of experimental mice were analyzed by kits, a slice technique, and qPCR assay. The liver index is a calculated liver‐to‐body weight ratio, and the experimental results showed that FWSSC reduced the liver index of the model group with liver injury, which was the highest. Sections stained with H&E showed that FWSSC reduced stem cell necrosis caused by liver injury. FWSSC reduced the serum levels of AST, ALT, TG, and TC, as well as the levels of IL‐6, TNF‐α, and IFN‐γ cytokines in the serum of mice with liver injury. Liver biochemical tests also showed that FWSSC increased the SOD activity and decreased TC, TG, and MPO levels in mice with liver injury. It was found that FWSSC upregulated the expression of Cu/Zn‐SOD, Mn‐SOD, CAT, and IκB‐α, and downregulated the expression of NF‐κB, COX‐2, TNF‐α, and IL‐1β in the liver tissue of mice with liver injury by detecting the expression of mRNA in liver tissue. It is concluded that FWSSC is an active substance with hepatoprotective effects. The activity of FWSSC increased with increasing concentration, and the hepatoprotective effect of FWSSC at 100 mg/kg concentration was stronger than that of silymarin.
Background: Large segmental bone defects are still one of the challenges for orthopaedic surgeons. Although 3Dprinted porous titanium is a potential bone substitute material because of its porous structure simulating natural bone, the titanium surface has low bioactivity, integrates with bone tissue through the simple mechanical interlock. The study aims to investigate the capability and osteogenesis of 3D-printed porous titanium (3D PPT)-coated polydopamine (PDA) for repairing bone defects. Methods: Fifteen 6-month New Zealand white rabbits were implanted with PDA-3D PPT to repair 6 mm × 10 mm defects on the femoral condyle compared with the group of 3D PPT and comparing with the blank group. After 6 weeks and 12 weeks, micro-CT and histological examination were performed to observe bone growth. Results: All the PDA-3D PPT group, the 3D PPT group and the blank group recovered in good condition. The images showed that the boundaries between the implant area and the surrounding area were obscure in the three groups. The results of micro-CT demonstrated that at 6 weeks and 12 weeks, the bone volume (BV) values of PDA-3D PPT implants group were significantly higher than those of the 3D PPT implants group and blank group (P < 0.05), the BV/tissue volume (TV) and the trabecular number (Tb.N) of PDA-3D PPT implants were significantly higher than those of the 3D PPT group and blank group (P < 0.05). The results of un-decalcified bone slicing showed that ore new bone appeared to form around the PDA-3D PPT than that of 3D PPT and blank group. The bone-implant contact (BIC) of PDA-3D PPT was better (P < 0.05) than that of 3D PPT group. Conclusion: PDA-3D PPT could improve the bioactivity and promote the growth and healing of bone tissue and can be a promising repairing material.
In the 21st century, natural disasters and emergencies occur frequently worldwide, which leads to the loss of hundreds of thousands of lives as well as the direct and indirect economic losses. China has a vast territory frequently struck by natural disasters. However, the reality is not optimistic. Poor organization and management during the rescue actions, the lack of large-scale, systematic medical rescue equipment were all great barriers to the outcomes. Mobile hospitals are expected to provide better health care. We were inspired by the concept of mobile hospital. Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, has set up trauma care system since 1988, in which prehospital care, intensive care, and in-hospital treatment is fully integrated. As a major advantage, such a system provided assurance of "golden hour" rescue treatment. Providing mobile intensive care and prehospital surgical service for severe trauma patients could reduce mortality significantly. Based on the civilian experiences in Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, the mobile emergency (surgical) hospital was developed.
Purpose To summarize and analyze the early treatment of multiple injuries combined with severe pelvic fractures, especially focus on the hemostasis methods for severe pelvic fractures, so as to improve the successful rate of rescue for the fatal hemorrhagic shock caused by pelvic fractures. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted in 68 cases of multiple trauma combined with severe pelvic fractures in recent 10 years (from Jan. 2006 to Dec. 2015). There were 57 males and 11 females. Their age ranged from 19 to 75 years, averaging 42 years. Causes of injury included traffic accidents in 34 cases (2 cases of truck rolling), high falling injuries in 17 cases, crashing injuries in 15 cases, steel cable wound in 1 case, and seat belt traction injury in 1 case. There were 31 cases of head injury, 11 cases of chest injury, 56 cases of abdominal and pelvic injuries, and 37 cases of spinal and limb injuries. Therapeutic methods included early anti-shock measures, surgical hemostasis based on internal iliac artery devasculization for pelvic hemorrhage, and early treatment for combined organ damage and complications included embolization and repair of the liver, spleen and kidney, splenectomy, nephrectomy, intestinal resection, colostomy, bladder ostomy, and urethral repair, etc. Patients in this series received blood transfusion volume of 1200–10,000 mL, with an average volume of 2850 mL. Postoperative follow-up ranged from 6 months to 1.5 years. Results The average score of ISS in this series was 38.6 points. 49 cases were successfully treated and the total survival rate was 72.1%. Totally 19 patients died (average ISS score 42.4), including 6 cases of hemorrhagic shock, 8 cases of brain injury, 1 case of cardiac injury, 2 cases of pulmonary infection, 1 case of pulmonary embolism, and 1 case of multiple organ failure. Postoperative complications included 1 case of urethral stricture (after secondary repair), 1 case of sexual dysfunction (combined with urethral rupture), 1 case of lower limb amputation (femoral artery thrombosis), and 18 cases of consumptive coagulopathy. Conclusion The early treatment of multiple injuries combined with severe pelvic fractures should focus on pelvic hemostasis. Massive bleeding-induced hemorrhagic shock is one of the main causes of poor prognosis. The technique of internal iliac artery devasculization including ligation and embolization can be used as an effective measure to stop or reduce bleeding. Consumptive coagulopathy is difficult to deal with, which should be detected and treated as soon as possible after surgical measures have been performed. The effect of using recombinant factor VII in treating consumptive coagulopathy is satisfactory.
BackgroundAssociation between plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1) rs1799889 polymorphism and venous thromboembolism (VTE) were explored by many previous studies, yet the findings of these studies were conflicting.Hypothesis PAI‐1 rs1799889 polymorphism may serve as a genetic marker of VTE. We aimed to better clarify the relationship between PAI‐1 rs1799889 polymorphism and VTE in a larger combined population by performing a meta‐analysis.MethodsLiteratures were searched in Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). We used Review Manager to combine the results of individual studies.ResultsForty‐eight studies involving 14 806 participants were eligible for inclusion. Combined results revealed that PAI‐1 rs1799889 polymorphism was significantly associated with VTE in Caucasians (dominant comparison: odds ratio [OR] 1.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09‐1.32; recessive comparison: OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.76‐0.94; allele comparison: OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.02‐1.15) and East Asians (dominant comparison: OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.17‐2.19; allele comparison: OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.21‐1.93). Further analyses obtained similar significant associations in these with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and these with Factor V Leiden mutation.ConclusionsOur findings supported that PAI‐1 rs1799889 polymorphism may serve as one of the predisposing factors of VTE in both Caucasians and East Asians, especially in these with DVT and these with Factor V Leiden mutation.
The dry leaf of Apocynum venetum tea extracts (AVTEs) belonging to the Apocynaceae family is a traditional Chinese medicine. The aim of this study is to identify the bioactive components of AVTE and analyse its antioxidant and anticancer activity in vitro. Method. Flavones and polyphenols in AVTE were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay. The scavenging capacity of tea extracts to 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH); 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS); hydroxyl (OH); and superoxide anion-free radicals were investigated by spectrophotometry. We also detailed the cytotoxicity assay of AVTE (50, 100, and 200 μg/mL) to human embryonic kidney 293T cells, the protective effect of AVTE on 293T cells induced by hydrogen peroxide (0.3 mmol/L), and the anticancer effect against the human hepatoma HepG2 cells via 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. We investigated the antioxidative effects of AVTE in human embryonic kidney 293T cells and the anticancer mechanism in HepG2 human hepatoma cells via quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay. Results. HPLC analysis showed that AVTEs contain neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, rutin, isoquercetin, isochlorogenic acid B, astragalin, isochlorogenic acid C, rosmarinic acid, quercetin, and trans-cinnamic acid. These extracts have high antioxidant activity and dose-dependent relation through free radical scavenging experiments. The cell viability of 293T cells treated with hydrogen peroxide (0.3 mmol/L) was significantly lower than that of normal cells, and the cell viability of oxidatively stressed 293T cells after AVTE (50, 100, and 200 μg/mL) treatment was significantly improved (P<0.05). Moreover, cytotoxicity experiments showed that the survival rate of 293T cells was over 90%, but the proliferation of HepG2 cells was significantly inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by AVTE. Furthermore, cytoprotective effects in 293T cells were induced via upregulation of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), GSH, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) antioxidant-related factors, as well as apoptosis in HepG2 cells was induced via upregulation of caspase-3, caspase-9, p21, and p53 apoptosis-associated factors, as assessed via mRNA expression levels after treatment with AVTE, which were consistent with the results of antioxidant gene detections. As a conclusion, AVTE appears to be an effectively functional drink, due to its rich functional components and antioxidant and anticancer activities.
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