One of the most common methods of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) synthesis is application of an electric-arc plasma. However, the final product in the form of cathode deposit is composed of carbon nanotubes and a variety of carbon impurities. An assay of carbon nanotubes produced in arc discharge systems available on the market shows that commercial cathode deposits contain about 10% CNTs. Given that the quality of the final product depends on carbon–plasma jet parameters, it is possible to increase the yield of the synthesis by plasma jet control. Most of the carbon nanotubes are multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). It was observed that the addition of catalysts significantly changes the plasma composition, effective ionization potential, the arc channel conductance, and in effect temperature of the arc and carbon elements flux. This paper focuses on the influence of metal components on plasma-jet forming containing carbon nanotubes cathode deposit. The plasma jet temperature control system is presented.
In this paper, a novel approach to the synthesis of the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in reactors operating at atmospheric pressure is presented. Based on the literature and our own research results, the most effective methods of CNT synthesis are investigated. Then, careful selection of reagents for the synthesis process is shown. Thanks to the performed calculations, an optimum composition of gases and the temperature for successful CNT synthesis in the CVD (chemical vapor deposition) process can be chosen. The results, having practical significance, may lead to an improvement of nanomaterials synthesis technology. The study can be used to produce CNTs for electrical and electronic equipment (i.e., supercapacitors or cooling radiators). There is also a possibility of using them in medicine for cancer diagnostics and therapy.
In the article, both the processes of manufacturing highly homogeneous polylactide resin/multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and their properties are described. Regarding the application of carbon nanotubes polymer composites, one of the most important problems to solve is obtaining good dispersion of the filler in the polymer matrix. Preparation of polylactide/multiwall CNTs composites by quick polymer solidification and freezing the state of the dispersion of the nanotubes in the polymer solution is described. The method we used employs an increase in viscosity (carried out rapidly) of the sonicated polymer solution containing the CNTs by spray deposition. Good dispersion of the nanotubes is confirmed by electron microscopy. The obtained nanocomposites exhibit a low percolation threshold for electrical conductivity (above 0.25% by weight). The described method leads to obtaining an electrical conductive surface on virtually any material and reduces the small amount of an expensive filler (CNTs) needed to achieve good electrical conductivity. Furthermore, the carbon nanotubes used in the fabrication process of the composites were obtained using the liquid-source chemical-vapor deposition (LSCVD) synthesis method.
The aim of this paper is to present the results of the investigation into the applications of carbon nanotubes with ferromagnetic nanoparticles as nanoheaters for targeted thermal ablation of cancer cells. Relevant nanoparticles' characteristics were exploited in terms of their functionality for biomedical applications and their magnetic properties were examined to determine heat generation efficiency induced by the exposure of the particles to an alternating magnetic field. The influence of the electromagnetic field on the human body tissues was assessed, providing quantitative measures of the interaction. The behavior of a liquid containing magnetic particles, during the exposure to the alternating magnetic field, was verified. As for the application for the ferromagnetic carbon nanotubes, the authors investigated temperature distribution in human liver tumor together with Arrhenius tissue damage model and the thermal dose concept.
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