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The development of common bean cultivars with upright plant architecture and high grain yield meets the needs of bean growers by facilitating culture management and mechanized harvest. The objectives of this study were to evaluate whether Mesoamerican common bean lines differ for upright plant architecture traits and grain yield, analyze correlations between these traits, and to select superior common bean lines based on a selection index. Four experiments were carried out in different years and growing seasons at low altitude (95 m above sea level) in southern Brazil. These experiments were composed of 17 carioca and black bean inbred lines, which are representative of the most widely produced and consumed common bean classes in Brazil. Upright plant architecture was assessed by 12 characters, and the resulting data were subjected to individual and joint analyses of variance, correlation, and selection index (rank sum). A significant effect for genotype and/or genotype x environment interaction was observed for all traits, except for the length of the first internode and hypocotyl diameter. Most plant architecture traits were correlated, indicating that it is possible to reduce the number of traits that need to be evaluated. Grain yield was negatively correlated with the lengths of ©FUNPEC-RP www.funpecrp.com.br Genetics and Molecular Research 18 (2): gmr18323 N.D. Ribeiro et al. 2the fourth (r = -0.574) and fifth internodes (r = -0.641). General adaptation score, insertion of the first pod, and lengths of the fourth and fifth internodes were efficient to characterize upright plant architecture in the common bean. Indirect selection by the shortest length of the fourth and fifth internodes was efficient to increase grain yield. The genotypes LP 11-117, SM 0312, BRS Valente, and Guapo Brilhante were selected based on a rank sum index. These genotypes present upright plant architecture and high grain yield, which is a common bean ideotype suitable for cultivation at low altitude in southern Brazil.

Carioca beans will achieve better consumer acceptability if they exhibit high grain quality. The objectives of this work were to identify the visual quality traits that determine consumer choice of carioca beans; to evaluate whether the commercial brands of carioca beans present differences in their technological, cooking and nutritional quality traits; and to select the best commercial brand of carioca beans according to these traits using a selection index. For this purpose, six different commercial brands of carioca beans were evaluated with respect to consumer preference and their grain physicochemical traits. The visual quality traits, colour and grain size, defined the consumer choice of carioca beans. The commercial brands of carioca beans presented differences regarding their technological, cooking and nutritional quality traits. Brand 4 had lighter colour grains (L* = 53.33), a slightly red shade (a* = 6.20), medium-sized beans (27.52 g), an elliptical shape, a semi-full flatness, and a fast cooking time (15 min and 25 s). The brand 4 showed high concentrations of protein, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, zinc and copper, and this sample was the preference of 51.92% of the survey participants. The best commercial brand of carioca beans selected by the selection index was brand 4 for its technological, cooking and nutritional quality traits.

Beans can be found in different grain colours, and for this reason, it is important to understand the technological and nutritional quality of the diverse types of beans that are consumed. The objectives of this work were to identify the traits that determine Brazilian consumer choice of different bean colours and to evaluate whether different bean colours present differences in technological and nutritional traits. For this purpose, beans of different colours (white, cranberry, matte red kidney, shiny red kidney, and black) were obtained from supermarkets. The samples were evaluated for consumer preference and the technological and nutritional traits of the beans. In southern Brazil, the majority of the survey participants (58%) preferred black beans, and their choice was based on consumption habit (66%) and grain colour (30%). Different bean colours presented differences for all traits related to technological and nutritional quality, except for potassium concentration. Consumption habit and grain colour defined consumer choice for black beans. Black beans were preferred by 58% of the participants, and this type of bean has high concentrations of calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc and copper.

The selection of common bean cultivars for high agronomic performance can be difficulty by genotype x environment interaction. The objectives of this work were to evaluate if common bean cultivars differ for cycle, plant architecture and grain yield in different growing seasons, and to select early, upright and highly grain yield common bean cultivars, by the use of selection index. For this, five experiments were conducted in the randomized blocks design, with three replicates. A total of 26 common bean cultivars were evaluated and the multiplicative index was used to select superior cultivars. A significant cultivar x season interaction for flowering, cycle, insertion of the first pod, insertion of the last pod, number of pods per plant and grain yield was observed. The common bean cultivars have early or semiearly cycle in rainy season and upright plant architecture. The cultivars Macanudo, BRS Campeiro, IAPAR 81, and IPR Juriti presented high grain yield in most growing seasons. The four superior common bean cultivars selected by the multiplicative index were BRS Campeiro, Macanudo, IPR Juriti, and Guapo Brilhante. The cultivars BRS Campeiro, Macanudo, and IPR Juriti presents earliness, upright plant architecture, and high grain yield and will be selected for the breeding program.

ABSTRACT. The objective of this study was to select common bean cultivars based on their stability for flowering, cycle, insertion of the first pod, grain yield, and high agronomic performance. Twenty experiments were carried out between 2000 and 2014, during two growing seasons, in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The Eberhart and Russel, and Lin and Binns methods, as well as the additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) method, were used to evaluate the stability of flowering, cycle, insertion of the first pod, and grain yield of 10 common cultivars in all experiments. The Eberhart and Russel, Lin and Binns, and AMMI methods identified the Carioca cultivar as the most stable for insertion of the first pod, and the Iraí cultivar as the most instable for flowering and cycle. The Pérola cultivar shows stability for flowering, cycle, and insertion of the first pod, and Guapo Brilhante is stable for grain yield, according to the Lin and Binns method. Controlled crossing between Pérola and Guapo Brilhante is recommended for the development of new common bean cultivars with greater stability for semi-early cycle, architecture of upright plant, and grain yield.

The development of early and upright common bean cultivars is necessary to meet the demand of producers. The objectives of this work were to evaluate more precise experimental statistics for the selection of early and upright common bean lines and identify the traits that provide better genetic differentiation between lines. For this purpose, 156 common bean lines of different grain colours were evaluated in 23 experiments carried out in the southern region of Brazil between 1998 and 2015. The traits related to earliness (flowering and cycle) and upright plant architecture (lodging, insertion of the first pod and insertion of the last pod) were evaluated with high experimental precision by determining F-test values for genotype (Fc), heritability (h2), and selective accuracy (SA). In the experiments with Fc ≥ 2.00, h2 ≥ 49.00%, and SA ≥ 0.70, the best genetic differentiation of early common bean lines was performed by the cycle; and the best genetic differentiation of common bean lines with upright plant architecture was carried out by the insertion of the first and the last pod.