No abstract

ABSTRACT. The development of common bean cultivars with high technological quality that are biofortified with minerals, is required to meet the demand for food with health benefits. The objectives of this study were to evaluate whether common bean genotypes differ in terms of technological and mineral biofortification traits, to study the correlations between these characters, to analyze the genetic dissimilarity of common bean genotypes, and to select superior lines for these traits. For this, 14 common bean genotypes were evaluated in experiments conducted in three growing seasons in the Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. A significant genotype x environment interaction was observed for technological quality (mass of 100 grains and cooking time) and biofortification traits (concentration of potassium, phosphorus, calcium, iron, zinc, and copper). Positive correlation estimates were obtained between phosphorus and potassium (r = 0.575), iron and zinc (r = 0.641), copper and iron (r = 0.729), and copper and phosphorus (r = 0.533). In the main component cluster analysis, four groups of genotypes were formed. The following lines are recommended for selection: LP 11-363 for fast-cooking, CNFC 11 948 for high iron concentration, and LEC 03-14 for high potassium, phosphorus, and calcium concentrations in grains. Common bean lines with high phosphorus and iron concentrations in grains can be indirectly selected based on higher potassium, copper, and zinc concentrations. Controlled crossings between LP 11-363 x CNFC 11 948 and LP 11-363 x LEC 03-14 are recommended to obtain segregating lines that are fast-cooking and biofortified with minerals.

The development of common bean cultivars with biofortified grains for macrominerals and a seed coat color pattern that satisfies consumer preference is a new demand of breeding programs. However, combined selection for seed coat color and macromineral concentrations in common beans is unprecedented. The objectives of this work were to obtain estimates of genetic parameters for seed coat color and macromineral concentrations in a recombinant inbred line population of Mesoamerican common beans and to select superior common bean lines for a biofortification program. A biparental cross BRS Esteio × SCS 205 Riqueza resulted in 100 Mesoamerican common bean lines that were evaluated in the F 5:6 and F 5:7 generations. Seed coat color was evaluated in a colorimeter by values L* (white to black), a* (green to red), and b* (blue to yellow). Macromineral concentrations (potassium, calcium, and magnesium) were quantified by nitric-perchloric acid digestion. A significant treatment effect for all traits evaluated at the F 5:6 and F 5:7 generations was observed. Seed coat color (L*, a*, and b* values) presented high heritability estimates (h 2 : 95.99 to 99.72%) and qualitative inheritance. Heritability estimates from intermediate to high magnitude (h 2 : 34.08 to 99.50%) were obtained for the concentrations of potassium, calcium, and magnesium. Transgressive segregation N.D. Ribeiro et al. 2 and quantitative inheritance for the macromineral concentrations were observed in the F 5:7 generation. The four superior common bean lines selected by the index were L 83-17, L 69-17, BRS MG Pioneiro, and L 24-17. The lines L 83-17 and L 69-17 of black beans have darker grains (lower L*, a*, and b* values) and high concentrations of potassium, calcium, and magnesium. The lines BRS MG Pioneiro and L 24-17 of carioca beans present lighter grains (L* ≥ 55, a* ≤ 7 and b* ≤ 16), and high mineral concentration. These lines will be selected for a common bean biofortification program.

Choosing parent tropical wheat genotypes through genetic dissimilarity based on REML/BLUP

Carioca beans will achieve better consumer acceptability if they exhibit high grain quality. The objectives of this work were to identify the visual quality traits that determine consumer choice of carioca beans; to evaluate whether the commercial brands of carioca beans present differences in their technological, cooking and nutritional quality traits; and to select the best commercial brand of carioca beans according to these traits using a selection index. For this purpose, six different commercial brands of carioca beans were evaluated with respect to consumer preference and their grain physicochemical traits. The visual quality traits, colour and grain size, defined the consumer choice of carioca beans. The commercial brands of carioca beans presented differences regarding their technological, cooking and nutritional quality traits. Brand 4 had lighter colour grains (L* = 53.33), a slightly red shade (a* = 6.20), medium-sized beans (27.52 g), an elliptical shape, a semi-full flatness, and a fast cooking time (15 min and 25 s). The brand 4 showed high concentrations of protein, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, zinc and copper, and this sample was the preference of 51.92% of the survey participants. The best commercial brand of carioca beans selected by the selection index was brand 4 for its technological, cooking and nutritional quality traits.

No abstract

ABSTRACT. The objective of this study was to select common bean cultivars based on their stability for flowering, cycle, insertion of the first pod, grain yield, and high agronomic performance. Twenty experiments were carried out between 2000 and 2014, during two growing seasons, in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The Eberhart and Russel, and Lin and Binns methods, as well as the additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) method, were used to evaluate the stability of flowering, cycle, insertion of the first pod, and grain yield of 10 common cultivars in all experiments. The Eberhart and Russel, Lin and Binns, and AMMI methods identified the Carioca cultivar as the most stable for insertion of the first pod, and the Iraí cultivar as the most instable for flowering and cycle. The Pérola cultivar shows stability for flowering, cycle, and insertion of the first pod, and Guapo Brilhante is stable for grain yield, according to the Lin and Binns method. Controlled crossing between Pérola and Guapo Brilhante is recommended for the development of new common bean cultivars with greater stability for semi-early cycle, architecture of upright plant, and grain yield.

The development of common bean cultivars that contain satisfactory minerals and phytate concentrations for the different nutritional requirements of consumers is a new strategy of breeding programs. This work aimed to obtain estimates of genetic parameters for the concentrations of phosphorus, phytate, iron, and zinc in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population of Mesoamerican common bean, to study the correlations between these traits, and to select common bean lines for the biofortification program and for diets that require the decrease in the intake of these minerals. The RIL were obtained from the cross between BRS Esteio and SCS 205 Riqueza. Genetic variability and transgressive segregation were detected for all traits evaluated. Heritability estimates for the concentrations of phosphorus, phytate, iron, and zinc ranged from intermediate (h2: 30.31%) to high (h2: 98.68%) magnitude, and quantitative inheritance was observed. The phosphorus concentration showed an intermediate correlation estimate with iron (r = 0.4157) and zinc (r = 0.5693) concentrations. Cultivar BRS Expedito and line L 56-17 have a low phytate concentration (≤ 1.29%) and a high iron concentration (≥ 95 mg kg-1 of dry matter - DM), and will be selected by the common bean biofortification program. Lines L 59-17, L 31-17, and L 26-17 and cultivars IPR Siriri and BRS Valente have a high phytate concentration (≥ 2.57%) and a low zinc concentration (≤ 26 mg kg-1 DM) and will be selected for diets that aim at using the beneficial properties of phytate and reducing the zinc intake.